Volume 4 focuses on additions and the resulting substitutions at carbon-carbon &pgr;-bonds.
Part 1 includes processes generally considered as simple polar reactions, reactive electrophiles and nucleophiles adding to alkenes and alkynes.
A major topic is Michael-type addition to electron deficient &pgr;-bonds, featured in the first six chapters.
In part 2 are collected the four general processes leading to nucleophilic aromatic substitution, including radical chain processes and transition metal activation through to &pgr;-complexation.
Metal-activated addition (generally by nucleophiles) to alkenes and polyenes is presented in part 3, including allylic alkylation catalyzed by palladium.
The coverage of nonpolar additions in part 4 includes radical additions, organometal addition (Heck reaction), carbene addition, and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions.
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