Atlas of Pediatric and Youth ECG

Description:

This book describes in detail the specific aspects of ECG during childhood and adolescence, pursuing an accessible, didactic and easy-to-read approach. Instructive, self-contained and intelligently written, it succeeds in making this diagnostic tool, the interpretation of which is especially complex in younger patients, more comprehensible, while also offering a sound and extensive reference guide for all those who diagnose young patients with electrocardiography. Though ECG produces a relatively simple set of readings, its interpretation and diagnosis are complex. If misinterpreted, a “butterfly effect” of hidden, often neglected heart signals can lead to important and sometimes devastating consequences. Featuring an exceptionally wide range of ECG recordings and examples, the volume sheds new light on the importance of electrophysiological examinations for patients still in their developmental years and provides advice on the use of ECG in connection with recent regulations on the participation of children, adolescents and young athletes in sports. Thanks to the variety of scenarios described, from the most frequent to the most insidious, this work will appeal to a broad readership, from cardiologists and pediatricians to family physicians, anesthesiologists, doctors in sports medicine, students and nurses.

Table of contents:

Abbreviations

1: Introduction

1. 1 A Literary Premise to a Practical Book

1. 2 Why Does Everything Begin with P?

1. 3 ECG Waves: An Entomological Vision

Reference

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2: Basic Concepts of Electrocardiography

2. 1 Technical Aspects

References

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3: The Waves During Developmental Age

3. 1 P Wave

3. 2 PR Interval

3. 3 Delta Wave

3. 4 QRS Complex

3. 5 J Wave

3. 6 Epsilon Wave

3. 7 ST Segment

3. 8 T Wave

3. 9 U Wave

3. 10 QT Interval

References

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4: Arrhythmetics and the Magic Numbers in Cardiology

4. 1 Heart Rate Calculation

4.

1. 1 In the Case of Regular Rhythm

4.

1. 2 In the case of fast heart rate

4.

1. 3 In the Case of Irregular Rhythm

4. 2 QRS Axis

4. 3 QT Estimation at a Glance

4.

3. 1 Bazett Formula

References

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5: ECG Metamorphosis: From the Newborn to Adulthood

5. 1 The Newborn Infant

5. 2 The Child-Kid

References

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6: Normal and Variants

7: Drugs, Electrolyte Abnormalities, and Metabolic Factors

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8: Artifacts and Devices

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9: Bradycardias and Conduction Disorders

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10: Pre-excitation Syndromes

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11: Supraventricular Tachycardia

11. 1 ECG Diagnosis

References

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12: Ventricular Arrhythmias

12. 1 Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia (IVT) and PVCs

12. 2 VT Associated with Structural Heart Disease

12. 3 VT Without Evidence of Structural Heart Disease

References

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13: Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis

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14: Cardiac Tumors and Pericardial Disease

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15: Pulmonary Hypertension and Acquired Valvular Disease

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16: Channelopathies

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17: Ischemic Disease

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18: Congenital Heart Disease

18. 1 Cardiac Defects with Left-to-Right Pre-tricuspid Shunts (Atrial Septal Defects and Anomalous

18. 2 Cardiac Defects with Left-to-Right Post-tricuspid Shunts (Ventricular Septal Defect and Pate

18. 3 Partial, Intermediate, and Complete Atrioventricular Canal

18. 4 Right-Sided Obstructive Lesions (Pulmonary Stenosis, Tetralogy of Fallot, Pulmonary Atresia w

18. 5 Left-Sided Obstructive Lesions (Aortic Stenosis and Coarctation of the Aorta)

18. 6 Tricuspid Atresia

18. 7 Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia and Ebstein’s Anomaly

18. 8 Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

18. 9 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (CCTGA)

18. 10 Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies

References

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19: The Athlete’s Heart

19. 1 Exercise-Related ECG Changes

19. 2 Non-exercise-Related ECG Changes

References

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20: Conclusions

Index