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Description:
For outstanding visual clarity in ocular diagnosis ? nothing else comes close.In this updated and revised third edition, world-renowned authorities from the Wills Eye Hospital provide outstanding guidance on recognition, evaluation, and treatment of ocular tumors, highlighted by more than 3,000 stunning photographs and surgical drawings. This unsurpassed ocular oncology resource is a comprehensive guide to the clinical features, diagnosis, management, and pathology of eyelid, conjunctival, and orbital tumors and pseudotumors, depicting clinical variations,? treatment and histopathologic characteristics of the wide spectrum of neoplasms and related lesions. Now brought thoroughly up to date with recent clinical and scientific innovations, this unique volume offers more high-quality images than any other text/atlas in the field.Presents each entity in an easy-to-follow format: a concise description with references on the left-hand page and six illustrations on the right-hand page.Depicts in precise photographic detail the gross and microscopic features that distinguish each type of lesion, while professional drawings and intraoperative photographs demonstrate key surgical principles and procedures.Includes numerous new references regarding diagnosis and treatment, as well as new scientific tables containing key information for your clinical practice.Features 25% new images, including panoramic images, surgical images, diagnostic testing images from multiple modalities, and updated, high resolution MRI and CT scans.Covers new information on evolving conditions such as IgG4 orbital inflammatory disease, solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit, and lymphoid proliferations of the orbit, conjunctiva, and globe; as well as new methods of nonsurgical therapy such as topical chemotherapy, intravenous chemotherapy, and immunotherapy and biological therapy with Rituxan for lymphoma; and new information on classification of various tumors and expected outcomes are clearly displayed in table format.Now with the print edition, enjoy the bundled interactive eBook edition, which can be downloaded to your tablet and smartphone or accessed online and includes features like:Complete content with enhanced navigationPowerful search tools and smart navigation cross-links that pull results from content in the book, your notes, and even the webCross-linked pages, references, and more for easy navigationHighlighting tool for easier reference of key content throughout the textAbility to take and share notes with friends and colleaguesQuick reference tabbing to save your favorite content for future use
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Table of Contents:
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Part 1: Tumors of the Eyelids
Chapter 1: Benign Tumors of the Eyelid Epidermis
Eyelid Squamous Papilloma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Eyelid Squamous Papilloma
Figure
1. 1
Figure
1. 2
Figure
1. 3
Figure
1. 4
Figure
1. 5
Figure
1. 6
Eyelid Seborrheic Keratosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Eyelid Seborrheic Keratosis
Figure
1. 7
Figure
1. 8
Figure
1. 9
Figure
1. 10
Figure
1. 11
Figure
1. 12
Eyelid Seborrheic Keratosis: Clinical Variations
Figure
1. 13
Figure
1. 14
Figure
1. 15
Figure
1. 16
Figure
1. 17
Figure
1. 18
Eyelid Inverted Follicular Keratosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Eyelid Inverted Follicular Keratosis
Figure
1. 19
Figure
1. 20
Figure
1. 21
Figure
1. 22
Figure
1. 23
Figure
1. 24
Eyelid Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia
Figure
1. 25
Figure
1. 26
Figure
1. 27
Figure
1. 28
Figure
1. 29
Figure
1. 30
Eyelid Keratoacanthoma and Nonspecific Keratosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Nonspecific Keratosis
Selected References
Eyelid Keratoacanthoma
Figure
1. 31
Figure
1. 32
Figure
1. 33
Figure
1. 34
Figure
1. 35
Figure
1. 36
Eyelid Keratoacanthoma: Case Description and Management by Excision and Skin Graft
Figure
1. 37
Figure
1. 38
Figure
1. 39
Figure
1. 40
Figure
1. 41
Figure
1. 42
Eyelid Keratoacanthoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation in Young and Elderly Patients
Figure
1. 43
Figure
1. 44
Figure
1. 45
Figure
1. 46
Figure
1. 47
Figure
1. 48
Eyelid Nonspecific Keratosis
Figure
1. 49
Figure
1. 50
Figure
1. 51
Figure
1. 52
Figure
1. 53
Figure
1. 54
Chapter 2: Premalignant and Malignant Tumors of Eyelid Epidermis
Eyelid Actinic Keratosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Eyelid Actinic Keratosis
Figure
2. 1
Figure
2. 2
Figure
2. 3
Figure
2. 4
Figure
2. 5
Figure
2. 6
Cutaneous Actinic Keratosis: Association with Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Figure
2. 7
Figure
2. 8
Figure
2. 9
Figure
2. 10
Figure
2. 11
Figure
2. 12
Radiation Blepharopathy
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Radiation Blepharopathy
Figure
2. 13
Figure
2. 14
Figure
2. 15
Figure
2. 16
Figure
2. 17
Figure
2. 18
Eyelid Xeroderma Pigmentosum
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Figure
2. 19
Figure
2. 20
Figure
2. 21
Figure
2. 22
Figure
2. 23
Figure
2. 24
Sebaceous Nevus
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Sebaceous Nevus: Association with Periocular Involvement
Figure
2. 25
Figure
2. 26
Figure
2. 27
Figure
2. 28
Figure
2. 29
Figure
2. 30
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Management
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
Selected References
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Nodular and Noduloulcerative Type
Figure
2. 31
Figure
2. 32
Figure
2. 33
Figure
2. 34
Figure
2. 35
Figure
2. 36
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Morpheaform (Sclerosing) Type
Figure
2. 37
Figure
2. 38
Figure
2. 39
Figure
2. 40
Figure
2. 41
Figure
2. 42
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Variations
Figure
2. 43
Figure
2. 44
Figure
2. 45
Figure
2. 46
Figure
2. 47
Figure
2. 48
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Advanced Cases
Figure
2. 49
Figure
2. 50
Figure
2. 51
Figure
2. 52
Figure
2. 53
Figure
2. 54
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin?Goltz Syndrome)
Figure
2. 55
Figure
2. 56
Figure
2. 57
Figure
2. 58
Figure
2. 59
Figure
2. 60
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin?Goltz Syndrome) with Multiple Cutaneous Malignancies
Figure
2. 61
Figure
2. 62
Figure
2. 63
Figure
2. 64
Figure
2. 65
Figure
2. 66
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin?Goltz Syndrome) with Odontogenic Keratocyst
Figure
2. 67
Figure
2. 68
Figure
2. 69
Figure
2. 70
Figure
2. 71
Figure
2. 72
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Management with Pentagonal Full-Thickness Eyelid Resection and Topical Imiquimod
Figure
2. 73
Figure
2. 74
Figure
2. 75
Figure
2. 76
Figure
2. 77
Figure
2. 78
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Results of Surgical Management
Figure
2. 79
Figure
2. 80
Figure
2. 81
Figure
2. 82
Figure
2. 83
Figure
2. 84
Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma: Advanced, Neglected Cases Managed by Orbital Exenteration
Figure
2. 85
Figure
2. 86
Figure
2. 87
Figure
2. 88
Figure
2. 89
Figure
2. 90
Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Figure
2. 91
Figure
2. 92
Figure
2. 93
Figure
2. 94
Figure
2. 95
Figure
2. 96
Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diffuse Involvement of Upper Eyelid
Figure
2. 97
Figure
2. 98
Figure
2. 99
Figure
2. 100
Figure
2. 101
Figure
2. 102
Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Aggressive Invasive Tumors
Figure
2. 103
Figure
2. 104
Figure
2. 105
Figure
2. 106
Figure
2. 107
Figure
2. 108
Eyelid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Deep Cystic Recurrent Tumor
Figure
2. 109
Figure
2. 110
Figure
2. 111
Figure
2. 112
Figure
2. 113
Figure
2. 114
Chapter 3: Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Tumors
Eyelid Sebaceous Hyperplasia and Adenoma
General Considerations
Muir?Torre Syndrome
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Classification
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Table
3. 1: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of periocular sebaceous gland carcinoma
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Meibomian Gland Origin
Figure
3. 1
Figure
3. 2
Figure
3. 3
Figure
3. 4
Figure
3. 5
Figure
3. 6
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Zeis Gland Origin
Figure
3. 7
Figure
3. 8
Figure
3. 9
Figure
3. 10
Figure
3. 11
Figure
3. 12
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Diffuse Neoplasm Masquerading as Inflammation
Figure
3. 13
Figure
3. 14
Figure
3. 15
Figure
3. 16
Figure
3. 17
Figure
3. 18
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Pedunculated Variant
Figure
3. 19
Figure
3. 20
Figure
3. 21
Figure
3. 22
Figure
3. 23
Figure
3. 24
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Clinical Variations and Histopathology
Figure
3. 25
Figure
3. 26
Figure
3. 27
Figure
3. 28
Figure
3. 29
Figure
3. 30
Eyelid Sebaceous Tumors: Association with Muir?Torre Syndrome
Figure
3. 31
Figure
3. 32
Figure
3. 33
Figure
3. 34
Figure
3. 35
Figure
3. 36
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Diffuse Neoplasm
Figure
3. 37
Figure
3. 38
Figure
3. 39
Figure
3. 40
Figure
3. 41
Figure
3. 42
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Aggressive Clinical Course
Figure
3. 43
Figure
3. 44
Figure
3. 45
Figure
3. 46
Figure
3. 47
Figure
3. 48
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Pentagonal Full-Thickness Eyelid Resection
Figure
3. 49
Figure
3. 50
Figure
3. 51
Figure
3. 52
Figure
3. 53
Figure
3. 54
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Pentagonal Resection and Semicircular Flap Reconstruction
Figure
3. 55
Figure
3. 56
Figure
3. 57
Figure
3. 58
Figure
3. 59
Figure
3. 60
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Large Tumor and Rotational Forehead Flap
Figure
3. 61
Figure
3. 62
Figure
3. 63
Figure
3. 64
Figure
3. 65
Figure
3. 66
Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Posterior Lamellar Eyelid Resection and Reconstruction
Figure
3. 67
Figure
3. 68
Figure
3. 69
Figure
3. 70
Figure
3. 71
Figure
3. 72
Chapter 4: Eyelid Sweat Gland Tumors
Eyelid Syringoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Syringoma
Figure
4. 1
Figure
4. 2
Figure
4. 3
Figure
4. 4
Figure
4. 5
Figure
4. 6
Eyelid Eccrine Acrospiroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eccrine Acrospiroma
Figure
4. 7
Figure
4. 8
Figure
4. 9
Figure
4. 10
Figure
4. 11
Figure
4. 12
Eyelid Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum
Figure
4. 13
Figure
4. 14
Figure
4. 15
Figure
4. 16
Figure
4. 17
Figure
4. 18
Eyelid Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor)
Figure
4. 19
Figure
4. 20
Figure
4. 21
Figure
4. 22
Figure
4. 23
Figure
4. 24
Eyelid Sweat Gland Adenocarcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Mucinous Sweat Gland Adenocarcinoma
Figure
4. 25
Figure
4. 26
Figure
4. 27
Figure
4. 28
Figure
4. 29
Figure
4. 30
Eyelid Sweat Gland Carcinoma
Figure
4. 31
Figure
4. 32
Figure
4. 33
Figure
4. 34
Figure
4. 35
Figure
4. 36
Chapter 5: Eyelid Hair Follicle Tumors
Eyelid Trichoepithelioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid and Facial Trichoepithelioma
Figure
5. 1
Figure
5. 2
Figure
5. 3
Figure
5. 4
Figure
5. 5
Figure
5. 6
Eyelid Trichofolliculoma and Trichoadenoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Trichoadenoma
Selected References
Eyelid Trichofolliculoma and Trichoadenoma
Figure
5. 7
Figure
5. 8
Figure
5. 9
Figure
5. 10
Figure
5. 11
Figure
5. 12
Eyelid Trichilemmoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Cowden?s Disease
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Trichilemmoma, Trichilemmal Carcinoma, and Cowden?s Syndrome
Figure
5. 13
Figure
5. 14
Figure
5. 15
Figure
5. 16
Figure
5. 17
Figure
5. 18
Eyelid Pilomatrixoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Pilomatrixoma in Adults
Figure
5. 19
Figure
5. 20
Figure
5. 21
Figure
5. 22
Figure
5. 23
Figure
5. 24
Eyelid Pilomatrixoma in Children: Surgical Excision
Figure
5. 25
Figure
5. 26
Figure
5. 27
Figure
5. 28
Figure
5. 29
Figure
5. 30
Eyelid Pilomatrixoma: Surgical Excision and Histopathology
Figure
5. 31
Figure
5. 32
Figure
5. 33
Figure
5. 34
Figure
5. 35
Figure
5. 36
Chapter 6: Eyelid Melanocytic Tumors
Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Pigmented Types
Figure
6. 1
Figure
6. 2
Figure
6. 3
Figure
6. 4
Figure
6. 5
Figure
6. 6
Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Age and Race Variations
Figure
6. 7
Figure
6. 8
Figure
6. 9
Figure
6. 10
Figure
6. 11
Figure
6. 12
Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Nonpigmented Types
Figure
6. 13
Figure
6. 14
Figure
6. 15
Figure
6. 16
Figure
6. 17
Figure
6. 18
Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Clinical Variations of Nonpigmented Type
Figure
6. 19
Figure
6. 20
Figure
6. 21
Figure
6. 22
Figure
6. 23
Figure
6. 24
Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Excision Technique and Pathology of Small Lesions
Figure
6. 25
Figure
6. 26
Figure
6. 27
Figure
6. 28
Figure
6. 29
Figure
6. 30
Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Congenital Divided (?Kissing?) Nevus
Figure
6. 31
Figure
6. 32
Figure
6. 33
Figure
6. 34
Figure
6. 35
Figure
6. 36
Eyelid Melanocytic Nevus: Large Congenital Periocular Type
Figure
6. 37
Figure
6. 38
Figure
6. 39
Figure
6. 40
Figure
6. 41
Figure
6. 42
Oculodermal Melanocytosis (Nevus of OTA)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Ocular Melanocytosis: Clinical Features
Figure
6. 43
Figure
6. 44
Figure
6. 45
Figure
6. 46
Figure
6. 47
Figure
6. 48
Congenital Oculodermal Melanocytosis: Spectrum of Pigmentation
Figure
6. 49
Figure
6. 50
Figure
6. 51
Figure
6. 52
Figure
6. 53
Figure
6. 54
Eyelid Lentigo Maligna (Melanotic Freckle of Hutchinson)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Lentigo Maligna (Melanotic Freckle of Hutchinson)
Figure
6. 55
Figure
6. 56
Figure
6. 57
Figure
6. 58
Figure
6. 59
Figure
6. 60
Eyelid Lentigo Maligna: Surgical Excision
Figure
6. 61
Figure
6. 62
Figure
6. 63
Figure
6. 64
Figure
6. 65
Figure
6. 66
Eyelid Lentigo Maligna: Melanoma
Figure
6. 67
Figure
6. 68
Figure
6. 69
Figure
6. 70
Figure
6. 71
Figure
6. 72
Eyelid Blue Nevus
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Cellular Blue Nevus: Giving Rise to Orbital Melanoma
Figure
6. 73
Figure
6. 74
Figure
6. 75
Figure
6. 76
Figure
6. 77
Figure
6. 78
Eyelid Cellular Blue Nevus: Association with Orbital and Brain Melanoma
Figure
6. 79
Figure
6. 80
Figure
6. 81
Figure
6. 82
Figure
6. 83
Figure
6. 84
Figure
6. 85
Figure
6. 86
Figure
6. 87
Figure
6. 88
Figure
6. 89
Figure
6. 90
Eyelid Primary Malignant Melanoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Primary Malignant Melanoma of Eyelid
Figure
6. 91
Figure
6. 92
Figure
6. 93
Figure
6. 94
Figure
6. 95
Figure
6. 96
Primary Eyelid Melanoma: Pigmented and Nonpigmented Varieties
Figure
6. 97
Figure
6. 98
Figure
6. 99
Figure
6. 100
Figure
6. 101
Figure
6. 102
Primary Eyelid Melanoma: Surgical Excision
Figure
6. 103
Figure
6. 104
Figure
6. 105
Figure
6. 106
Figure
6. 107
Figure
6. 108
Chapter 7: Neural Tumors of the Eyelid
Eyelid Neurofibroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Neurofibroma: Localized and Plexiform Types
Figure
7. 1
Figure
7. 2
Figure
7. 3
Figure
7. 4
Figure
7. 5
Figure
7. 6
Eyelid Neurofibroma: Plexiform Type
Figure
7. 7
Figure
7. 8
Figure
7. 9
Figure
7. 10
Figure
7. 11
Figure
7. 12
Eyelid Schwannoma (Neurilemoma) and Neurothekeoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Schwannoma and Neurothekeoma
Figure
7. 13
Figure
7. 14
Figure
7. 15
Figure
7. 16
Figure
7. 17
Figure
7. 18
Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Classification
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Cutaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma)
Figure
7. 19
Figure
7. 20
Figure
7. 21
Figure
7. 22
Figure
7. 23
Figure
7. 24
Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Management and Clinicopathologic Correlation
Figure
7. 25
Figure
7. 26
Figure
7. 27
Figure
7. 28
Figure
7. 29
Figure
7. 30
Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Appearance and Surgical Technique
Figure
7. 31
Figure
7. 32
Figure
7. 33
Figure
7. 34
Figure
7. 35
Figure
7. 36
Eyelid Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Pathology
Figure
7. 37
Figure
7. 38
Figure
7. 39
Figure
7. 40
Figure
7. 41
Figure
7. 42
Chapter 8: Vascular Tumors of the Eyelids
Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma (Strawberry Hemangioma)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Complications
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Superficial Type
Figure
8. 1
Figure
8. 2
Figure
8. 3
Figure
8. 4
Figure
8. 5
Figure
8. 6
Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Deep Type
Figure
8. 7
Figure
8. 8
Figure
8. 9
Figure
8. 10
Figure
8. 11
Figure
8. 12
Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Regression of Superficial Type
Figure
8. 13
Figure
8. 14
Figure
8. 15
Figure
8. 16
Figure
8. 17
Figure
8. 18
Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Regression of Deep Type
Figure
8. 19
Figure
8. 20
Figure
8. 21
Figure
8. 22
Figure
8. 23
Figure
8. 24
Eyelid Congenital Capillary Hemangioma: Surgical Removal
Figure
8. 25
Figure
8. 26
Figure
8. 27
Figure
8. 28
Figure
8. 29
Figure
8. 30
Eyelid Acquired Hemangioma (Cherry Hemangioma)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Acquired Capillary Hemangioma
Figure
8. 31
Figure
8. 32
Figure
8. 33
Figure
8. 34
Figure
8. 35
Figure
8. 36
Eyelid Nevus Flammeus (Port Wine Hemangioma)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Cytogenetics
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Nevus Flammeus (Port Wine Hemangioma)
Figure
8. 37
Figure
8. 38
Figure
8. 39
Figure
8. 40
Figure
8. 41
Figure
8. 42
Eyelid Nevus Flammeus: Clinical Variations and Follow-Up
Figure
8. 43
Figure
8. 44
Figure
8. 45
Figure
8. 46
Figure
8. 47
Figure
8. 48
Eyelid Nevus Flammeus: Association with Sturge?Weber Syndrome
Figure
8. 49
Figure
8. 50
Figure
8. 51
Figure
8. 52
Figure
8. 53
Figure
8. 54
Eyelid Varix
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Varix
Figure
8. 55
Figure
8. 56
Figure
8. 57
Figure
8. 58
Figure
8. 59
Figure
8. 60
Eyelid Lymphangioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Lymphangioma
Figure
8. 61
Figure
8. 62
Figure
8. 63
Figure
8. 64
Figure
8. 65
Figure
8. 66
Eyelid Glomus Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Glomus Tumor
Figure
8. 67
Figure
8. 68
Figure
8. 69
Figure
8. 70
Figure
8. 71
Figure
8. 72
Eyelid Kaposi?s Sarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Kaposi?s Sarcoma in a Nonimmunosuppressed Patient
Figure
8. 73
Figure
8. 74
Figure
8. 75
Figure
8. 76
Figure
8. 77
Figure
8. 78
Eyelid Kaposi?s Sarcoma in Immunosuppressed Patients
Figure
8. 79
Figure
8. 80
Figure
8. 81
Figure
8. 82
Figure
8. 83
Figure
8. 84
Eyelid Kaposi?s Sarcoma: Treatment with Radiotherapy
Figure
8. 85
Figure
8. 86
Figure
8. 87
Figure
8. 88
Figure
8. 89
Figure
8. 90
Eyelid Angiosarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Angiosarcoma: Clinical Variations
Figure
8. 91
Figure
8. 92
Figure
8. 93
Figure
8. 94
Figure
8. 95
Figure
8. 96
Chapter 9: Eyelid Lymphoid, Plasmacytic, and Metastatic Tumors
Eyelid Lymphoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Involvement: B-Cell Lymphoma
Figure
9. 1
Figure
9. 2
Figure
9. 3
Figure
9. 4
Figure
9. 5
Figure
9. 6
Figure
9. 7
Figure
9. 8
Figure
9. 9
Figure
9. 10
Figure
9. 11
Figure
9. 12
Eyelid Involvement by Lymphoma: Advanced Cases
Figure
9. 13
Figure
9. 14
Figure
9. 15
Figure
9. 16
Figure
9. 17
Figure
9. 18
Eyelid Involvement: T-Cell Lymphoma
Figure
9. 19
Figure
9. 20
Figure
9. 21
Figure
9. 22
Figure
9. 23
Figure
9. 24
Eyelid Plasmacytoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
9. 25
Figure
9. 26
Figure
9. 27
Figure
9. 28
Figure
9. 29
Figure
9. 30
Metastatic Neoplasms to the Eyelids
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Metastatic Tumors
Figure
9. 31
Figure
9. 32
Figure
9. 33
Figure
9. 34
Figure
9. 35
Figure
9. 36
Figure
9. 37
Figure
9. 38
Figure
9. 39
Figure
9. 40
Figure
9. 41
Figure
9. 42
Eyelid Metastatic Tumors from Choroidal Melanoma
Figure
9. 43
Figure
9. 44
Figure
9. 45
Figure
9. 46
Figure
9. 47
Figure
9. 48
Chapter 10: Eyelid Histiocytic, Myxoid, and Fibrous Lesions
Eyelid Histiocytic, Myxoid, and Fibrous Lesions
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Xanthelasma
Figure
10. 1
Figure
10. 2
Figure
10. 3
Figure
10. 4
Figure
10. 5
Figure
10. 6
Eyelid Xanthelasma: Association with Systemic Conditions
Figure
10. 7
Figure
10. 8
Figure
10. 9
Figure
10. 10
Figure
10. 11
Figure
10. 12
Eyelid Xanthogranuloma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
Figure
10. 13
Figure
10. 14
Figure
10. 15
Figure
10. 16
Figure
10. 17
Figure
10. 18
Eyelid Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma with Paraproteinemia
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma with Paraproteinemia
Figure
10. 19
Figure
10. 20
Figure
10. 21
Figure
10. 22
Figure
10. 23
Figure
10. 24
Eyelid Angiofibroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid and Facial Angiofibroma with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Figure
10. 25
Figure
10. 26
Figure
10. 27
Figure
10. 28
Figure
10. 29
Figure
10. 30
Eyelid Nodular Fasciitis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Nodular Fasciitis
Figure
10. 31
Figure
10. 32
Figure
10. 33
Figure
10. 34
Figure
10. 35
Figure
10. 36
Eyelid Nodular Fasciitis: Clinicopathologic Correlation
Figure
10. 37
Figure
10. 38
Figure
10. 39
Figure
10. 40
Figure
10. 41
Figure
10. 42
Eyelid Miscellaneous Fibrous and Myxomatous Tumors
Juvenile Fibromatosis
Fibrous Histiocytoma
Fibrosarcoma
Myxoma
Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis
Selected References
Eyelid Juvenile Fibromatosis, Fibrous Histiocytoma, and Fibrosarcoma
Figure
10. 43
Figure
10. 44
Figure
10. 45
Figure
10. 46
Figure
10. 47
Figure
10. 48
Eyelid Myxoma and Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis
Figure
10. 49
Figure
10. 50
Figure
10. 51
Figure
10. 52
Figure
10. 53
Figure
10. 54
Chapter 11: Eyelid Cystic Lesions Simulating Neoplasms
Eyelid Eccrine Hidrocystoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Eccrine Hidrocystoma
Figure
11. 1
Figure
11. 2
Figure
11. 3
Figure
11. 4
Figure
11. 5
Figure
11. 6
Eyelid Apocrine Hidrocystoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Sch?pf?Schulz?Passarge Syndrome
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Apocrine Hidrocystoma
Figure
11. 7
Figure
11. 8
Figure
11. 9
Figure
11. 10
Figure
11. 11
Figure
11. 12
Eyelid Sebaceous Cyst (Pilar Cyst)
Sebaceous Cyst
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Sebaceous Cyst
Figure
11. 13
Figure
11. 14
Figure
11. 15
Figure
11. 16
Figure
11. 17
Figure
11. 18
Eyelid Epidermal Inclusion Cyst (Epidermoid Cyst)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
Figure
11. 19
Figure
11. 20
Figure
11. 21
Figure
11. 22
Figure
11. 23
Figure
11. 24
Eyelid Dermoid Cyst
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid/Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Clinicopathologic Correlation
Figure
11. 25
Figure
11. 26
Figure
11. 27
Figure
11. 28
Figure
11. 29
Figure
11. 30
Chapter 12: Eyelid Inflammatory Lesions Simulating Neoplasms
Eyelid Molluscum Contagiosum Infection
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Molluscum Contagiosum Infection
Figure
12. 1
Figure
12. 2
Figure
12. 3
Figure
12. 4
Figure
12. 5
Figure
12. 6
Eyelid Chalazion
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Chalazion
Figure
12. 7
Figure
12. 8
Figure
12. 9
Figure
12. 10
Figure
12. 11
Figure
12. 12
Eyelid Chalazion: Clinical Variations
Figure
12. 13
Figure
12. 14
Figure
12. 15
Figure
12. 16
Figure
12. 17
Figure
12. 18
Miscellaneous Granulomatous Diseases
Eyelid Sarcoidosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Pseudorheumatoid Nodule (Granuloma Annulare)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener?s Granulomatosis)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Granulomas: Sarcoidosis, Pseudorheumatoid Nodule, and Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)
Figure
12. 19
Figure
12. 20
Figure
12. 21
Figure
12. 22
Figure
12. 23
Figure
12. 24
Eyelid Mycotic Infections
Eyelid Blastomycosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Coccidioidomycosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Mucormycosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Mycotic Infections: Coccidioidomycosis and Mucormycosis
Figure
12. 25
Figure
12. 26
Figure
12. 27
Figure
12. 28
Figure
12. 29
Figure
12. 30
Eyelid Bacterial Infections
Eyelid Abscess
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Necrotizing Fasciitis Involving Eyelid
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Bacterial Infections: Abscess and Necrotizing Fasciitis
Figure
12. 31
Figure
12. 32
Figure
12. 33
Figure
12. 34
Figure
12. 35
Figure
12. 36
Chapter 13: Eyelid Miscellaneous Conditions Simulating Neoplasms
Eyelid Amyloidosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Amyloidosis
Figure
13. 1
Figure
13. 2
Figure
13. 3
Figure
13. 4
Figure
13. 5
Figure
13. 6
Eyelid Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach?Wiethe Disease)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach?Wiethe Disease)
Figure
13. 7
Figure
13. 8
Figure
13. 9
Figure
13. 10
Figure
13. 11
Figure
13. 12
Miscellaneous Other Pseudoneoplastic Eyelid Lesions
Eyelid Granular Cell Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Malakoplakia
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Subepidermal Calcified Nodule
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Miscellaneous Eyelid Lesions: Granular Cell Tumor, Malakoplakia, and Subepidermal Calcified Nodule
Figure
13. 13
Figure
13. 14
Figure
13. 15
Figure
13. 16
Figure
13. 17
Figure
13. 18
Eyelid Phakomatous Choristoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Eyelid Phakomatous Choristoma
Figure
13. 19
Figure
13. 20
Figure
13. 21
Figure
13. 22
Figure
13. 23
Figure
13. 24
Chapter 14: Tumors of the Lacrimal Drainage System
Lacrimal Drainage System Tumors
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Lacrimal Sac Squamous Papilloma and Carcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Lacrimal Sac Squamous Cell Papilloma and Carcinoma
Figure
14. 1
Figure
14. 2
Figure
14. 3
Figure
14. 4
Figure
14. 5
Figure
14. 6
Lacrimal Sac Melanoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Lacrimal Sac Melanoma
Figure
14. 7
Figure
14. 8
Figure
14. 9
Figure
14. 10
Figure
14. 11
Figure
14. 12
Lacrimal Sac: Miscellaneous Tumors and Pseudotumors
Selected References
Miscellaneous Lacrimal Sac Tumors: Leiomyoma, Fibrous Histiocytoma, and Lymphoma
Figure
14. 13
Figure
14. 14
Figure
14. 15
Figure
14. 16
Figure
14. 17
Figure
14. 18
Lacrimal Sac Inflammations and Infections
Figure
14. 19
Figure
14. 20
Figure
14. 21
Figure
14. 22
Figure
14. 23
Figure
14. 24
Chapter 15: Surgical Management of Eyelid Tumors
Surgical Management of Eyelid Tumors
Selected References
Punch Biopsy, Excisional Shave Biopsy, and Elliptical Excision with Skin Graft
Figure
15. 1
Figure
15. 2
Figure
15. 3
Figure
15. 4
Figure
15. 5
Figure
15. 6
Elliptical Excision of Eyelid Tumor
Figure
15. 7
Figure
15. 8
Figure
15. 9
Figure
15. 10
Figure
15. 11
Figure
15. 12
Pentagonal Full-Thickness Excision of Eyelid Tumor with Semicircular Flap Reconstruction
Figure
15. 13
Figure
15. 14
Figure
15. 15
Figure
15. 16
Figure
15. 17
Figure
15. 18
Pentagonal Full-Thickness Excision of Eyelid Tumor with Primary Closure
Figure
15. 19
Figure
15. 20
Figure
15. 21
Figure
15. 22
Figure
15. 23
Figure
15. 24
Part 2: Tumors of the Conjunctiva
Chapter 16: Conjunctival and Epibulbar Choristomas
Conjunctival Dermoid
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Dermoid
Figure
16. 1
Figure
16. 2
Figure
16. 3
Figure
16. 4
Figure
16. 5
Figure
16. 6
Conjunctival and Corneal Dermoids
Figure
16. 7
Figure
16. 8
Figure
16. 9
Figure
16. 10
Figure
16. 11
Figure
16. 12
Conjunctival and Corneal Dermoids: Atypical Variations
Figure
16. 13
Figure
16. 14
Figure
16. 15
Figure
16. 16
Figure
16. 17
Figure
16. 18
Conjunctival/Orbital Dermolipoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Dermolipoma
Figure
16. 19
Figure
16. 20
Figure
16. 21
Figure
16. 22
Figure
16. 23
Figure
16. 24
Conjunctival Dermoids and Dermolipomas: Bilobed and Pedunculated Variants
Figure
16. 25
Figure
16. 26
Figure
16. 27
Figure
16. 28
Figure
16. 29
Figure
16. 30
Epibulbar Osseous Choristoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Epibulbar Osseous Choristoma
Figure
16. 31
Figure
16. 32
Figure
16. 33
Figure
16. 34
Figure
16. 35
Figure
16. 36
Lacrimal Gland and Respiratory Choristomas of Conjunctiva
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Lacrimal Gland and Respiratory Choristomas of Conjunctiva
Figure
16. 37
Figure
16. 38
Figure
16. 39
Figure
16. 40
Figure
16. 41
Figure
16. 42
Conjunctival Complex Choristoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Epibulbar Complex Choristoma: Association with Organoid Nevus Syndrome
Figure
16. 43
Figure
16. 44
Figure
16. 45
Figure
16. 46
Figure
16. 47
Figure
16. 48
Figure
16. 49
Figure
16. 50
Figure
16. 51
Figure
16. 52
Figure
16. 53
Figure
16. 54
Chapter 17: Conjunctival Benign Epithelial Tumors
Conjunctival Papilloma of Childhood
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Childhood Conjunctival Papilloma
Figure
17. 1
Figure
17. 2
Figure
17. 3
Figure
17. 4
Figure
17. 5
Figure
17. 6
Conjunctival Papilloma of Childhood: Management with Oral Cimetidine
Figure
17. 7
Figure
17. 8
Figure
17. 9
Figure
17. 10
Figure
17. 11
Figure
17. 12
Conjunctival Papilloma of Adulthood
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Adult Conjunctival Papilloma
Figure
17. 13
Figure
17. 14
Figure
17. 15
Figure
17. 16
Figure
17. 17
Figure
17. 18
Adult Conjunctival Papilloma: Atypical Variations
Figure
17. 19
Figure
17. 20
Figure
17. 21
Figure
17. 22
Figure
17. 23
Figure
17. 24
Conjunctival Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia and Keratoacanthoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia and Keratoacanthoma
Figure
17. 25
Figure
17. 26
Figure
17. 27
Figure
17. 28
Figure
17. 29
Figure
17. 30
Conjunctival Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis
Figure
17. 31
Figure
17. 32
Figure
17. 33
Figure
17. 34
Figure
17. 35
Figure
17. 36
Conjunctival Dacryoadenoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected Reference
Conjunctival Dacryoadenoma
Figure
17. 37
Figure
17. 38
Figure
17. 39
Figure
17. 40
Figure
17. 41
Figure
17. 42
Chapter 18: Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of the Conjunctival Epithelium
Conjunctival Keratotic Plaque and Actinic Keratosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Keratotic Plaque and Actinic Keratosis
Figure
18. 1
Figure
18. 2
Figure
18. 3
Figure
18. 4
Figure
18. 5
Figure
18. 6
Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Fleshy and Papillomatous Configurations
Figure
18. 7
Figure
18. 8
Figure
18. 9
Figure
18. 10
Figure
18. 11
Figure
18. 12
Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Cin): Leukoplakia
Figure
18. 13
Figure
18. 14
Figure
18. 15
Figure
18. 16
Figure
18. 17
Figure
18. 18
Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Various Clinical Locations at Limbus
Figure
18. 19
Figure
18. 20
Figure
18. 21
Figure
18. 22
Figure
18. 23
Figure
18. 24
Conjunctival Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Superficial Corneal Invasion
Figure
18. 25
Figure
18. 26
Figure
18. 27
Figure
18. 28
Figure
18. 29
Figure
18. 30
Conjunctival Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Pathology
Classification
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Table
18. 1: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of ocular surface squamous neoplasia
Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Sunlight Exposure
Figure
18. 31
Figure
18. 32
Figure
18. 33
Figure
18. 34
Figure
18. 35
Figure
18. 36
Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Early Invasive Type
Figure
18. 37
Figure
18. 38
Figure
18. 39
Figure
18. 40
Figure
18. 41
Figure
18. 42
Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Advanced Invasive Type
Figure
18. 43
Figure
18. 44
Figure
18. 45
Figure
18. 46
Figure
18. 47
Figure
18. 48
Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Involvement Of Tarsal Conjunctiva
Figure
18. 49
Figure
18. 50
Figure
18. 51
Figure
18. 52
Figure
18. 53
Figure
18. 54
Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Extensive Papillomatous Corneal Involvement
Figure
18. 55
Figure
18. 56
Figure
18. 57
Figure
18. 58
Figure
18. 59
Figure
18. 60
Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Atypical Variations
Figure
18. 61
Figure
18. 62
Figure
18. 63
Figure
18. 64
Figure
18. 65
Figure
18. 66
Conjunctival Spindle Cell Carcinoma: En Bloc Eye Wall Resection
Figure
18. 67
Figure
18. 68
Figure
18. 69
Figure
18. 70
Figure
18. 71
Figure
18. 72
Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Orbital Invasion
Figure
18. 73
Figure
18. 74
Figure
18. 75
Figure
18. 76
Figure
18. 77
Figure
18. 78
Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Intraocular Invasion
Figure
18. 79
Figure
18. 80
Figure
18. 81
Figure
18. 82
Figure
18. 83
Figure
18. 84
Conjunctival Mucoepidermoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Intraocular Invasion
Figure
18. 85
Figure
18. 86
Figure
18. 87
Figure
18. 88
Figure
18. 89
Figure
18. 90
Chapter 19: Conjunctival Melanocytic Lesions
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Pigmented Type
Figure
19. 1
Figure
19. 2
Figure
19. 3
Figure
19. 4
Figure
19. 5
Figure
19. 6
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Nonpigmented Type
Figure
19. 7
Figure
19. 8
Figure
19. 9
Figure
19. 10
Figure
19. 11
Figure
19. 12
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Partially Pigmented Type
Figure
19. 13
Figure
19. 14
Figure
19. 15
Figure
19. 16
Figure
19. 17
Figure
19. 18
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Clinical Variations
Figure
19. 19
Figure
19. 20
Figure
19. 21
Figure
19. 22
Figure
19. 23
Figure
19. 24
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Extralimbal Location
Figure
19. 25
Figure
19. 26
Figure
19. 27
Figure
19. 28
Figure
19. 29
Figure
19. 30
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Atypical Cases with Prominent Cysts and Large Size (Giant Nevus)
Figure
19. 31
Figure
19. 32
Figure
19. 33
Figure
19. 34
Figure
19. 35
Figure
19. 36
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Blue Nevus Variant
Figure
19. 37
Figure
19. 38
Figure
19. 39
Figure
19. 40
Figure
19. 41
Figure
19. 42
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus: Giant Type
Figure
19. 43
Figure
19. 44
Figure
19. 45
Figure
19. 46
Figure
19. 47
Figure
19. 48
Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus in Non-Caucasians
Figure
19. 49
Figure
19. 50
Figure
19. 51
Figure
19. 52
Figure
19. 53
Figure
19. 54
Ocular Melanocytosis: Scleral and Episcleral Pigment
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Scleral Involvement with Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis
Figure
19. 55
Figure
19. 56
Figure
19. 57
Figure
19. 58
Figure
19. 59
Figure
19. 60
Complexion-Related Conjunctival Pigmentation (Complexion-Associated Melanosis, Racial Melanosis)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Complexion-Related Conjunctival Pigmentation (?Racial Melanosis?)
Figure
19. 61
Figure
19. 62
Figure
19. 63
Figure
19. 64
Figure
19. 65
Figure
19. 66
Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Table
19. 1: Differential diagnosis of pigmented conjunctival and epibulbar lesions
Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Mild Involvement
Figure
19. 67
Figure
19. 68
Figure
19. 69
Figure
19. 70
Figure
19. 71
Figure
19. 72
Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Severe Atypia
Figure
19. 73
Figure
19. 74
Figure
19. 75
Figure
19. 76
Figure
19. 77
Figure
19. 78
Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Development of Early Melanoma
Figure
19. 79
Figure
19. 80
Figure
19. 81
Figure
19. 82
Figure
19. 83
Figure
19. 84
Conjunctival Primary Acquired Melanosis: Development of Obvious Melanoma
Figure
19. 85
Figure
19. 86
Figure
19. 87
Figure
19. 88
Figure
19. 89
Figure
19. 90
Conjunctival Malignant Melanoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Pathology
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Table
19. 2: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of conjunctival melanoma
Conjunctival Melanoma: Evolution from Primary Acquired Melanosis
Figure
19. 91
Figure
19. 92
Figure
19. 93
Figure
19. 94
Figure
19. 95
Figure
19. 96
Figure
19. 97
Figure
19. 98
Figure
19. 99
Figure
19. 100
Figure
19. 101
Figure
19. 102
Conjunctival Melanoma in Non-Caucasians
Figure
19. 103
Figure
19. 104
Figure
19. 105
Figure
19. 106
Figure
19. 107
Figure
19. 108
Conjunctival Melanoma: Tumors Possibly Arising De Novo
Figure
19. 109
Figure
19. 110
Figure
19. 111
Figure
19. 112
Figure
19. 113
Figure
19. 114
Conjunctival Melanoma: Presumably Arising from Nevus and De Novo
Figure
19. 115
Figure
19. 116
Figure
19. 117
Figure
19. 118
Figure
19. 119
Figure
19. 120
Conjunctival Melanoma: Amelanotic Variations
Figure
19. 121
Figure
19. 122
Figure
19. 123
Figure
19. 124
Figure
19. 125
Figure
19. 126
Conjunctival Melanoma: Alcohol Epitheliectomy, Surgical Resection, and Cryotherapy. Results of Treatment
Figure
19. 127
Figure
19. 128
Figure
19. 129
Figure
19. 130
Figure
19. 131
Figure
19. 132
Conjunctival Melanoma: Diffuse Tumors before and after Treatment
Figure
19. 133
Figure
19. 134
Figure
19. 135
Figure
19. 136
Figure
19. 137
Figure
19. 138
Conjunctival Melanoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation of Tumor with Scleral Invasion
Figure
19. 139
Figure
19. 140
Figure
19. 141
Figure
19. 142
Figure
19. 143
Figure
19. 144
Conjunctival Melanoma: Localization for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Figure
19. 145
Figure
19. 146
Figure
19. 147
Figure
19. 148
Figure
19. 149
Figure
19. 150
Conjunctival Melanoma: Plaque Radiotherapy for Advanced, Recurrent Tumor
Figure
19. 151
Figure
19. 152
Figure
19. 153
Figure
19. 154
Figure
19. 155
Figure
19. 156
Conjunctival Melanoma: Orbital Exenteration
Figure
19. 157
Figure
19. 158
Figure
19. 159
Figure
19. 160
Figure
19. 161
Figure
19. 162
Conjunctival Melanoma: Metastasis to Preauricular Lymph Nodes and Brain
Figure
19. 163
Figure
19. 164
Figure
19. 165
Figure
19. 166
Figure
19. 167
Figure
19. 168
Chapter 20: Vascular Tumors and Related Lesions of the Conjunctiva
Conjunctival Pyogenic Granuloma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Pyogenic Granuloma: Primary (Idiopathic) Type
Figure
20. 1
Figure
20. 2
Figure
20. 3
Figure
20. 4
Figure
20. 5
Figure
20. 6
Secondary Conjunctival Pyogenic Granuloma: Treatment with Plaque Radiotherapy
Figure
20. 7
Figure
20. 8
Figure
20. 9
Figure
20. 10
Figure
20. 11
Figure
20. 12
Conjunctival Lymphangiectasia and Lymphangioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Lymphangiectasia and Lymphangioma
Figure
20. 13
Figure
20. 14
Figure
20. 15
Figure
20. 16
Figure
20. 17
Figure
20. 18
Conjunctival Lymphangioma
Figure
20. 19
Figure
20. 20
Figure
20. 21
Figure
20. 22
Figure
20. 23
Figure
20. 24
Miscellaneous Vascular Lesions of the Conjunctiva: Varix, Cavernous Hemangioma, Macrovessels, Sentinel Vessels, and Acquired Sessile Hemangioma
Conjunctival Varix
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Cavernous Hemangioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Conjunctival Macrovessels and Episcleral Sentinel Vessels
Selected References
Conjunctival Varix, Cavernous Hemangioma, Macrovessels, and Sentinel Vessels
Figure
20. 25
Figure
20. 26
Figure
20. 27
Figure
20. 28
Figure
20. 29
Figure
20. 30
Conjunctival Acquired Sessile Hemangioma and Capillary Hemangioma
Acquired Sessile Hemangioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Conjunctival Capillary Hemangioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Congenital Capillary Hemangioma, Acquired Sessile Hemangioma, and Varix
Figure
20. 31
Figure
20. 32
Figure
20. 33
Figure
20. 34
Figure
20. 35
Figure
20. 36
Conjunctival Hemangiopericytoma And Glomangioma (Glomus Tumor)
Conjunctival Hemangiopericytoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Conjunctival Glomangioma (Glomus Tumor)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Hemangiopericytoma and Glomangioma
Figure
20. 37
Figure
20. 38
Figure
20. 39
Figure
20. 40
Figure
20. 41
Figure
20. 42
Conjunctival Kaposi Sarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Kaposi Sarcoma in Patients with AIDS and Immunocompetent Patients
Figure
20. 43
Figure
20. 44
Figure
20. 45
Figure
20. 46
Figure
20. 47
Figure
20. 48
Chapter 21: Conjunctival Neural, Xanthomatous, Fibrous, Myxomatous, and Lipomatous Tumors
Conjunctival Neuroma and Neurofibroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Neurofibroma
Figure
21. 1
Figure
21. 2
Figure
21. 3
Figure
21. 4
Figure
21. 5
Figure
21. 6
Conjunctival Schwannoma and Granular Cell Tumor: Conjunctival Schwannoma
Conjunctival Schwannoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Conjunctival Granular Cell Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Schwannoma and Granular Cell Tumor
Figure
21. 7
Figure
21. 8
Figure
21. 9
Figure
21. 10
Figure
21. 11
Figure
21. 12
Conjunctival Fibrous Histiocytoma: General Considerations
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Fibrous Histiocytoma
Figure
21. 13
Figure
21. 14
Figure
21. 15
Figure
21. 16
Figure
21. 17
Figure
21. 18
Conjunctival Miscellaneous Lesions: Fibroma, Nodular Fasciitis, and Juvenile Xanthogranuloma: Conjunctival Fibroma
Conjunctival Fibroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Conjunctival Nodular Fasciitis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Conjunctival Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Nodular Fasciitis and Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
Figure
21. 19
Figure
21. 20
Figure
21. 21
Figure
21. 22
Figure
21. 23
Figure
21. 24
Conjunctival Miscellaneous Lesions: Myxoma, Lipoma, and Reticulohistiocytoma: Conjunctival Myxoma
Conjunctival Myxoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Carney Complex
Pathology
Management
Conjunctival Lipoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Conjunctival Reticulohistiocytoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Myxoma, Lipoma, and Reticulohistiocytoma
Figure
21. 25
Figure
21. 26
Figure
21. 27
Figure
21. 28
Figure
21. 29
Figure
21. 30
Chapter 22: Conjunctival Lymphoid, Leukemic, and Metastatic Tumors
Conjunctival Lymphoid and Plasmacytic Tumors
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Table
22. 1: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of ocular adnexal lymphoma
Conjunctival Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Figure
22. 1
Figure
22. 2
Figure
22. 3
Figure
22. 4
Figure
22. 5
Figure
22. 6
Conjunctival Non-Hodgkin?s Lymphoma
Figure
22. 7
Figure
22. 8
Figure
22. 9
Figure
22. 10
Figure
22. 11
Figure
22. 12
Conjunctival Lymphoma: Atypical Forms and Response to Radiotherapy
Figure
22. 13
Figure
22. 14
Figure
22. 15
Figure
22. 16
Figure
22. 17
Figure
22. 18
Conjunctival Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Figure
22. 19
Figure
22. 20
Figure
22. 21
Figure
22. 22
Figure
22. 23
Figure
22. 24
Conjunctival Leukemia
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Leukemic Infiltrate
Figure
22. 25
Figure
22. 26
Figure
22. 27
Figure
22. 28
Figure
22. 29
Figure
22. 30
Conjunctival Metastatic Tumors
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Metastasis
Figure
22. 31
Figure
22. 32
Figure
22. 33
Figure
22. 34
Figure
22. 35
Figure
22. 36
Conjunctival Metastasis from Cutaneous Melanoma
Figure
22. 37
Figure
22. 38
Figure
22. 39
Figure
22. 40
Figure
22. 41
Figure
22. 42
Chapter 23: Caruncular Tumors
Caruncular Tumors
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Table
23. 1: Types of tumors in the caruncle in a series of 93 cases
Caruncular Papilloma
Figure
23. 1
Figure
23. 2
Figure
23. 3
Figure
23. 4
Figure
23. 5
Figure
23. 6
Caruncular Nevus
Figure
23. 7
Figure
23. 8
Figure
23. 9
Figure
23. 10
Figure
23. 11
Figure
23. 12
Caruncular Melanoma
Figure
23. 13
Figure
23. 14
Figure
23. 15
Figure
23. 16
Figure
23. 17
Figure
23. 18
Caruncular Oncocytoma
Figure
23. 19
Figure
23. 20
Figure
23. 21
Figure
23. 22
Figure
23. 23
Figure
23. 24
Caruncular Sebaceous Tumors
Figure
23. 25
Figure
23. 26
Figure
23. 27
Figure
23. 28
Figure
23. 29
Figure
23. 30
Caruncular Cysts
Figure
23. 31
Figure
23. 32
Figure
23. 33
Figure
23. 34
Figure
23. 35
Figure
23. 36
Miscellaneous Caruncular Tumors
Figure
23. 37
Figure
23. 38
Figure
23. 39
Figure
23. 40
Figure
23. 41
Figure
23. 42
Chapter 24: Miscellaneous Lesions That Simulate Conjunctival Neoplasms
Conjunctival Epithelial Inclusion Cyst
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
24. 1
Figure
24. 2
Figure
24. 3
Figure
24. 4
Figure
24. 5
Figure
24. 6
Conjunctival Organizing Hematoma (?Hematic Cyst?; ?Hematocele?)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Organizing Hematoma Secondary to Silicone Sponge for Retinal Detachment Repair
Figure
24. 7
Figure
24. 8
Figure
24. 9
Figure
24. 10
Figure
24. 11
Figure
24. 12
Conjunctival Foreign Body
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
24. 13
Figure
24. 14
Figure
24. 15
Figure
24. 16
Figure
24. 17
Figure
24. 18
Figure
24. 19
Figure
24. 20
Figure
24. 21
Figure
24. 22
Figure
24. 23
Figure
24. 24
Episcleritis and Scleritis Simulating Neoplasms
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Episcleritis and Scleritis
Figure
24. 25
Figure
24. 26
Figure
24. 27
Figure
24. 28
Figure
24. 29
Figure
24. 30
Conjunctival Churg?Strauss Allergic Granulomatosis Simulating Conjunctival Neoplasm
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Churg?Strauss Allergic Granulomatosis
Figure
24. 31
Figure
24. 32
Figure
24. 33
Figure
24. 34
Figure
24. 35
Figure
24. 36
Conjunctival Ligneous Conjunctivitis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
24. 37
Figure
24. 38
Figure
24. 39
Figure
24. 40
Figure
24. 41
Figure
24. 42
Conjunctival Miscellaneous Infectious Lesions that Simulate Neoplasms
Selected References
Figure
24. 43
Figure
24. 44
Figure
24. 45
Figure
24. 46
Figure
24. 47
Figure
24. 48
Figure
24. 49
Figure
24. 50
Figure
24. 51
Figure
24. 52
Figure
24. 53
Figure
24. 54
Conjunctival Amyloidosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
24. 55
Figure
24. 56
Figure
24. 57
Figure
24. 58
Figure
24. 59
Figure
24. 60
Figure
24. 61
Figure
24. 62
Figure
24. 63
Figure
24. 64
Figure
24. 65
Figure
24. 66
Pinguecula
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Conjunctival Pinguecula
Figure
24. 67
Figure
24. 68
Figure
24. 69
Figure
24. 70
Figure
24. 71
Figure
24. 72
Pterygium
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
24. 73
Figure
24. 74
Figure
24. 75
Figure
24. 76
Figure
24. 77
Figure
24. 78
Conjunctival and Scleral Miscellaneous Lesions that Simulate Pigmented Melanoma
Calcified Scleral Plaque
Staphyloma
Extraocular Extension of Ciliary Body Melanoma
Selected References
Scleral Staphyloma and Uveal Prolapse that Simulate Melanoma
Figure
24. 79
Figure
24. 80
Figure
24. 81
Figure
24. 82
Figure
24. 83
Figure
24. 84
Conjunctival Miscellaneous Lesions that Simulate Melanoma
Figure
24. 85
Figure
24. 86
Figure
24. 87
Figure
24. 88
Figure
24. 89
Figure
24. 90
Chapter 25: Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors
Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors
Selected References
Surgical Resection of Circumscribed Conjunctival Tumors Near Limbus
Figure
25. 1
Figure
25. 2
Figure
25. 3
Figure
25. 4
Figure
25. 5
Figure
25. 6
Surgical Management of Primary Acquired Melanosis and Melanoma of Conjunctiva
Figure
25. 7
Figure
25. 8
Figure
25. 9
Figure
25. 10
Figure
25. 11
Figure
25. 12
Results of Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors
Figure
25. 13
Figure
25. 14
Figure
25. 15
Figure
25. 16
Figure
25. 17
Figure
25. 18
Treatment of Conjunctival Malignancies with Topical Chemotherapy and Interferon
Figure
25. 19
Figure
25. 20
Figure
25. 21
Figure
25. 22
Figure
25. 23
Figure
25. 24
Supplemental Treatment of Conjunctival Neoplasms with Plaque Radiotherapy
Figure
25. 25
Figure
25. 26
Figure
25. 27
Figure
25. 28
Figure
25. 29
Figure
25. 30
Supplemental Treatment of Extensive Conjunctival Neoplasm with Plaque Brachytherapy
Figure
25. 31
Figure
25. 32
Figure
25. 33
Figure
25. 34
Figure
25. 35
Figure
25. 36
Part 3: Tumors of the Orbit
Chapter 26: Inflammatory Orbital Lesions That Simulate Neoplasms
Thyroid-Related Ophthalmopathy
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
26. 1
Figure
26. 2
Figure
26. 3
Figure
26. 4
Figure
26. 5
Figure
26. 6
Thyroid-Related Ophthalmopathy: Clinical and Radiologic Variations
Figure
26. 7
Figure
26. 8
Figure
26. 9
Figure
26. 10
Figure
26. 11
Figure
26. 12
Orbital Cellulitis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Cellulitis and Abscess
Figure
26. 13
Figure
26. 14
Figure
26. 15
Figure
26. 16
Figure
26. 17
Figure
26. 18
Orbit: Idiopathic Nongranulomatous Orbital Inflammation (Inflammatory Pseudotumor, Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Differential Diagnosis
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Idiopathic Nongranulomatous Orbital Inflammation in Adulthood
Figure
26. 19
Figure
26. 20
Figure
26. 21
Figure
26. 22
Figure
26. 23
Figure
26. 24
Idiopathic Nongranulomatous Orbital Inflammation Clinical and Radiologic Spectrum
Figure
26. 25
Figure
26. 26
Figure
26. 27
Figure
26. 28
Figure
26. 29
Figure
26. 30
Idiopathic Nongranulomatous Orbital Inflammation in Childhood
Figure
26. 31
Figure
26. 32
Figure
26. 33
Figure
26. 34
Figure
26. 35
Figure
26. 36
Nonspecific Acute Orbital Myositis
Figure
26. 37
Figure
26. 38
Figure
26. 39
Figure
26. 40
Figure
26. 41
Figure
26. 42
Immunoglobulin G4?Related Disease (IgG4-RD)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Tuberculosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
26. 43
Figure
26. 44
Figure
26. 45
Figure
26. 46
Figure
26. 47
Figure
26. 48
Orbital Mycotic Infections: Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis
Orbital Mucormycosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Aspergillosis?Allergic Fungal Sinusitis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Mycotic Infections: Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis
Figure
26. 49
Figure
26. 50
Figure
26. 51
Figure
26. 52
Figure
26. 53
Figure
26. 54
Orbital Sarcoidosis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
26. 55
Figure
26. 56
Figure
26. 57
Figure
26. 58
Figure
26. 59
Figure
26. 60
Orbital Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
26. 61
Figure
26. 62
Figure
26. 63
Figure
26. 64
Figure
26. 65
Figure
26. 66
Kimura Disease and Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia and Kimura Disease
Figure
26. 67
Figure
26. 68
Figure
26. 69
Figure
26. 70
Figure
26. 71
Figure
26. 72
Chapter 27: Orbital Cystic Lesions
Orbital Dermoid Cyst
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Typical Case of Epidermal Origin
Figure
27. 1
Figure
27. 2
Figure
27. 3
Figure
27. 4
Figure
27. 5
Figure
27. 6
Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Lesion of Conjunctival Origin in a Child
Figure
27. 7
Figure
27. 8
Figure
27. 9
Figure
27. 10
Figure
27. 11
Figure
27. 12
Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Lesion of Conjunctival Origin in an Adult
Figure
27. 13
Figure
27. 14
Figure
27. 15
Figure
27. 16
Figure
27. 17
Figure
27. 18
Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Dumbbell Type
Figure
27. 19
Figure
27. 20
Figure
27. 21
Figure
27. 22
Figure
27. 23
Figure
27. 24
Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Dumbbell Type, Surgical Resection
Figure
27. 25
Figure
27. 26
Figure
27. 27
Figure
27. 28
Figure
27. 29
Figure
27. 30
Orbital Dermoid Cyst: Deep Orbital Type
Figure
27. 31
Figure
27. 32
Figure
27. 33
Figure
27. 34
Figure
27. 35
Figure
27. 36
Orbital Simple Primary Cyst of Conjunctival Origin
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Orbital Cyst of Conjunctival Origin: Primary Idiopathic Type
Figure
27. 37
Figure
27. 38
Figure
27. 39
Figure
27. 40
Figure
27. 41
Figure
27. 42
Orbital Cyst of Conjunctival Origin: Secondary Type, after Enucleation
Figure
27. 43
Figure
27. 44
Figure
27. 45
Figure
27. 46
Figure
27. 47
Figure
27. 48
Orbital Cyst of Conjunctival Origin: Secondary Type, after Retinal Detachment Surgery
Figure
27. 49
Figure
27. 50
Figure
27. 51
Figure
27. 52
Figure
27. 53
Figure
27. 54
Orbital Cyst: Simple Conjunctival Type Associated with Stevens?Johnson Syndrome
Figure
27. 55
Figure
27. 56
Figure
27. 57
Figure
27. 58
Figure
27. 59
Figure
27. 60
Orbital Teratoma (Teratomatous Cyst)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Orbital Teratoma (Teratomatous Cyst) Discovered in Utero
Figure
27. 61
Figure
27. 62
Figure
27. 63
Figure
27. 64
Figure
27. 65
Figure
27. 66
Orbital Teratoma (Teratomatous Cyst)
Figure
27. 67
Figure
27. 68
Figure
27. 69
Figure
27. 70
Figure
27. 71
Figure
27. 72
Orbital Congenital Cystic Eye
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Orbital Congenital Cystic Eye Discovered in Utero
Figure
27. 73
Figure
27. 74
Figure
27. 75
Figure
27. 76
Figure
27. 77
Figure
27. 78
Orbital Colobomatous Cyst (Microphthalmos with Cyst)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Orbital Colobomatous Cyst
Figure
27. 79
Figure
27. 80
Figure
27. 81
Figure
27. 82
Figure
27. 83
Figure
27. 84
Orbital Colobomatous Cyst: Bilateral Occurrence, Clinicopathologic Correlation
Figure
27. 85
Figure
27. 86
Figure
27. 87
Figure
27. 88
Figure
27. 89
Figure
27. 90
Orbital Colobomatous Cyst: Clinical Variations, Ultrasonography, and Pathology
Figure
27. 91
Figure
27. 92
Figure
27. 93
Figure
27. 94
Figure
27. 95
Figure
27. 96
Orbital Cephalocele
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Orbital Cephalocele: Anterior (Ethmoidal) Type
Figure
27. 97
Figure
27. 98
Figure
27. 99
Figure
27. 100
Figure
27. 101
Figure
27. 102
Orbital Cephalocele: Posterior (Sphenoidal) Type
Figure
27. 103
Figure
27. 104
Figure
27. 105
Figure
27. 106
Figure
27. 107
Figure
27. 108
Orbital Mucocele
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Figure
27. 109
Figure
27. 110
Figure
27. 111
Figure
27. 112
Figure
27. 113
Figure
27. 114
Orbital Mucocele: Clinical, Imaging, and Histopathologic Correlations
Figure
27. 115
Figure
27. 116
Figure
27. 117
Figure
27. 118
Figure
27. 119
Figure
27. 120
Orbital Respiratory Epithelial Cyst
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Figure
27. 121
Figure
27. 122
Figure
27. 123
Figure
27. 124
Figure
27. 125
Figure
27. 126
Orbital Parasitic Cysts
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Hydatid Cyst
Figure
27. 127
Figure
27. 128
Figure
27. 129
Figure
27. 130
Figure
27. 131
Figure
27. 132
Figure
27. 133
Figure
27. 134
Figure
27. 135
Figure
27. 136
Figure
27. 137
Figure
27. 138
Chapter 28: Orbital Vascular and Hemorrhagic Lesions
Orbital Capillary Hemangioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Figure
28. 1
Figure
28. 2
Figure
28. 3
Figure
28. 4
Figure
28. 5
Figure
28. 6
Orbital Capillary Hemangioma: Clinical Variations and Regression
Figure
28. 7
Figure
28. 8
Figure
28. 9
Figure
28. 10
Figure
28. 11
Figure
28. 12
Orbital Capillary Hemangioma: Simultaneous Eyelid and Adnexal Involvement
Figure
28. 13
Figure
28. 14
Figure
28. 15
Figure
28. 16
Figure
28. 17
Figure
28. 18
Orbital Capillary Hemangioma: Surgical Resection
Figure
28. 19
Figure
28. 20
Figure
28. 21
Figure
28. 22
Figure
28. 23
Figure
28. 24
Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
28. 25
Figure
28. 26
Figure
28. 27
Figure
28. 28
Figure
28. 29
Figure
28. 30
Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Surgical Removal by Conjunctival Approach
Figure
28. 31
Figure
28. 32
Figure
28. 33
Figure
28. 34
Figure
28. 35
Figure
28. 36
Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Globe and Optic Nerve Compression
Figure
28. 37
Figure
28. 38
Figure
28. 39
Figure
28. 40
Figure
28. 41
Figure
28. 42
Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Clinicopathologic Correlation
Figure
28. 43
Figure
28. 44
Figure
28. 45
Figure
28. 46
Figure
28. 47
Figure
28. 48
Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Superonasal Orbitotomy
Figure
28. 49
Figure
28. 50
Figure
28. 51
Figure
28. 52
Figure
28. 53
Figure
28. 54
Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma: Intraosseous Type
Figure
28. 55
Figure
28. 56
Figure
28. 57
Figure
28. 58
Figure
28. 59
Figure
28. 60
Orbital Hemangiopericytoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Hemangiopericytoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation
Figure
28. 61
Figure
28. 62
Figure
28. 63
Figure
28. 64
Figure
28. 65
Figure
28. 66
Figure
28. 67
Figure
28. 68
Figure
28. 69
Figure
28. 70
Figure
28. 71
Figure
28. 72
Orbital Hemangiopericytoma: Aggressive Tumor with Brain Invasion
Figure
28. 73
Figure
28. 74
Figure
28. 75
Figure
28. 76
Figure
28. 77
Figure
28. 78
Orbital Lymphangioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Lymphangioma: Clinical and Pathologic Features
Figure
28. 79
Figure
28. 80
Figure
28. 81
Figure
28. 82
Figure
28. 83
Figure
28. 84
Orbital Lymphangioma: CT and MRI
Figure
28. 85
Figure
28. 86
Figure
28. 87
Figure
28. 88
Figure
28. 89
Figure
28. 90
Orbital Lymphangioma: MRI Features and Management by Aspiration
Figure
28. 91
Figure
28. 92
Figure
28. 93
Figure
28. 94
Figure
28. 95
Figure
28. 96
Orbital Lymphangioma: Occurrence in an Infant
Figure
28. 97
Figure
28. 98
Figure
28. 99
Figure
28. 100
Figure
28. 101
Figure
28. 102
Orbital Lymphangioma: Occurrence in a Young Child
Figure
28. 103
Figure
28. 104
Figure
28. 105
Figure
28. 106
Figure
28. 107
Figure
28. 108
Orbital Lymphangioma: Occurrence in an Older Adult
Figure
28. 109
Figure
28. 110
Figure
28. 111
Figure
28. 112
Figure
28. 113
Figure
28. 114
Orbital Varix
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Varix: Demonstration by Increasing Intracranial Venous Pressure
Figure
28. 115
Figure
28. 116
Figure
28. 117
Figure
28. 118
Figure
28. 119
Figure
28. 120
Orbital Varix: Demonstration by Valsalva Maneuver
Figure
28. 121
Figure
28. 122
Figure
28. 123
Figure
28. 124
Figure
28. 125
Figure
28. 126
Orbital Varix: Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Color Doppler Imaging
Figure
28. 127
Figure
28. 128
Figure
28. 129
Figure
28. 130
Figure
28. 131
Figure
28. 132
Orbital Varix: Anteriorly Located Lesion
Figure
28. 133
Figure
28. 134
Figure
28. 135
Figure
28. 136
Figure
28. 137
Figure
28. 138
Orbital Miscellaneous Vascular Lesions: Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia and Glomus Tumor of the Orbit
Orbital Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Diagnostic Approaches
Management
Selected References
Orbital Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia and Glomus Tumor
Figure
28. 139
Figure
28. 140
Figure
28. 141
Figure
28. 142
Figure
28. 143
Figure
28. 144
Orbital Angiosarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
28. 145
Figure
28. 146
Figure
28. 147
Figure
28. 148
Figure
28. 149
Figure
28. 150
Orbital Hematoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Organizing Hematoma
Figure
28. 151
Figure
28. 152
Figure
28. 153
Figure
28. 154
Figure
28. 155
Figure
28. 156
Chapter 29: Orbital Peripheral Nerve Tumors
Orbital (Neurilemoma)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Schwannoma
Figure
29. 1
Figure
29. 2
Figure
29. 3
Figure
29. 4
Figure
29. 5
Figure
29. 6
Figure
29. 7
Figure
29. 8
Figure
29. 9
Figure
29. 10
Figure
29. 11
Figure
29. 12
Figure
29. 13
Figure
29. 14
Figure
29. 15
Figure
29. 16
Figure
29. 17
Figure
29. 18
Orbital Schwannoma: Intracranial Extension
Figure
29. 19
Figure
29. 20
Figure
29. 21
Figure
29. 22
Figure
29. 23
Figure
29. 24
Orbital Neurofibroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Neurofibroma: Association with Neurofibromatosis
Figure
29. 25
Figure
29. 26
Figure
29. 27
Figure
29. 28
Figure
29. 29
Figure
29. 30
Orbital Neurofibroma: Progression of Eyelid, Orbital, and Intraocular Neurofibromatosis
Figure
29. 31
Figure
29. 32
Figure
29. 33
Figure
29. 34
Figure
29. 35
Figure
29. 36
Orbital Neurofibroma: Solitary Type Unassociated with Neurofibromatosis
Figure
29. 37
Figure
29. 38
Figure
29. 39
Figure
29. 40
Figure
29. 41
Figure
29. 42
Orbital Neurofibroma: Multiple Circumscribed Type Unassociated with Neurofibromatosis
Figure
29. 43
Figure
29. 44
Figure
29. 45
Figure
29. 46
Figure
29. 47
Figure
29. 48
Orbital Paraganglioma (Chemodectoma)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Orbital Paraganglioma
Figure
29. 49
Figure
29. 50
Figure
29. 51
Figure
29. 52
Figure
29. 53
Figure
29. 54
Orbital Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
29. 55
Figure
29. 56
Figure
29. 57
Figure
29. 58
Figure
29. 59
Figure
29. 60
Orbital Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: Aggressive Tumor in a Child
Figure
29. 61
Figure
29. 62
Figure
29. 63
Figure
29. 64
Figure
29. 65
Figure
29. 66
Miscellaneous Orbital Neural Tumors: Granular Cell Tumor, Amputation Neuroma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Orbital Granular Cell Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Orbital Amputation Neuroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management and Prognosis
Selected References
Orbital Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management and Prognosis
Selected References
Orbital Miscellaneous Neural Tumors: Granular Cell Tumor, Amputation Neuroma, and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Figure
29. 67
Figure
29. 68
Figure
29. 69
Figure
29. 70
Figure
29. 71
Figure
29. 72
Chapter 30: Optic Nerve, Meningeal, and Other Neural Tumors
Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Optic Nerve Glioma): General Considerations
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management and Prognosis
Selected References
Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma)
Figure
30. 1
Figure
30. 2
Figure
30. 3
Figure
30. 4
Figure
30. 5
Figure
30. 6
Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma): Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Figure
30. 7
Figure
30. 8
Figure
30. 9
Figure
30. 10
Figure
30. 11
Figure
30. 12
Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma)
Figure
30. 13
Figure
30. 14
Figure
30. 15
Figure
30. 16
Figure
30. 17
Figure
30. 18
Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Glioma): Fundus Changes
Figure
30. 19
Figure
30. 20
Figure
30. 21
Figure
30. 22
Figure
30. 23
Figure
30. 24
Optic Nerve Malignant Astrocytoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
30. 25
Figure
30. 26
Figure
30. 27
Figure
30. 28
Figure
30. 29
Figure
30. 30
Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
30. 31
Figure
30. 32
Figure
30. 33
Figure
30. 34
Figure
30. 35
Figure
30. 36
Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Figure
30. 37
Figure
30. 38
Figure
30. 39
Figure
30. 40
Figure
30. 41
Figure
30. 42
Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma: Aggressive Variant
Figure
30. 43
Figure
30. 44
Figure
30. 45
Figure
30. 46
Figure
30. 47
Figure
30. 48
Orbital Sphenoid Wing Meningioma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Sphenoid Wing Meningioma: Orbital Involvement
Figure
30. 49
Figure
30. 50
Figure
30. 51
Figure
30. 52
Figure
30. 53
Figure
30. 54
Figure
30. 55
Figure
30. 56
Figure
30. 57
Figure
30. 58
Figure
30. 59
Figure
30. 60
Orbital Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor and Primary Orbital Neuroblastoma
Orbital Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Neuroblastoma: Primary Type
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
30. 61
Figure
30. 62
Figure
30. 63
Figure
30. 64
Figure
30. 65
Figure
30. 66
Chapter 31: Orbital Myogenic Tumors
Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Prognosis
Selected References
Table
31. 1: Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group Staging Classification
Figure
31. 1
Figure
31. 2
Figure
31. 3
Figure
31. 4
Figure
31. 5
Figure
31. 6
Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma Simulating a Lymphangioma
Figure
31. 7
Figure
31. 8
Figure
31. 9
Figure
31. 10
Figure
31. 11
Figure
31. 12
Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Typical Case?clinical Features, MRI, and Pathology
Figure
31. 13
Figure
31. 14
Figure
31. 15
Figure
31. 16
Figure
31. 17
Figure
31. 18
Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Presentation as a Conjunctival Mass
Figure
31. 19
Figure
31. 20
Figure
31. 21
Figure
31. 22
Figure
31. 23
Figure
31. 24
Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Biopsy Approach
Figure
31. 25
Figure
31. 26
Figure
31. 27
Figure
31. 28
Figure
31. 29
Figure
31. 30
Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Simulating Orbital Hematoma in a Child
Figure
31. 31
Figure
31. 32
Figure
31. 33
Figure
31. 34
Figure
31. 35
Figure
31. 36
Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma: Advanced Aggressive Cases
Figure
31. 37
Figure
31. 38
Figure
31. 39
Figure
31. 40
Figure
31. 41
Figure
31. 42
Orbital Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
31. 43
Figure
31. 44
Figure
31. 45
Figure
31. 46
Figure
31. 47
Figure
31. 48
Orbital Leiomyoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Leiomyosarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Leiomyoma and Leiomyosarcoma
Figure
31. 49
Figure
31. 50
Figure
31. 51
Figure
31. 52
Figure
31. 53
Figure
31. 54
Chapter 32: Orbital Fibrous Connective Tissue Tumors
Orbital Nodular Fasciitis and Fibroma
Orbital Nodular Fasciitis
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Fibroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Nodular Fasciitis
Figure
32. 1
Figure
32. 2
Figure
32. 3
Figure
32. 4
Figure
32. 5
Figure
32. 6
Orbital Nodular Fasciitis and Fibroma
Figure
32. 7
Figure
32. 8
Figure
32. 9
Figure
32. 10
Figure
32. 11
Figure
32. 12
Orbital Fibromatosis, Myofibromatosis, and Myofibroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Infantile Fibromatosis
Figure
32. 13
Figure
32. 14
Figure
32. 15
Figure
32. 16
Figure
32. 17
Figure
32. 18
Orbital Infantile Myofibromatosis
Figure
32. 19
Figure
32. 20
Figure
32. 21
Figure
32. 22
Figure
32. 23
Figure
32. 24
Orbital Fibrous Histiocytoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Fibrous Histiocytoma: Benign Type
Figure
32. 25
Figure
32. 26
Figure
32. 27
Figure
32. 28
Figure
32. 29
Figure
32. 30
Orbital Fibrous Histiocytoma: Malignant Type
Figure
32. 31
Figure
32. 32
Figure
32. 33
Figure
32. 34
Figure
32. 35
Figure
32. 36
Orbital Fibrous Histiocytoma: Management
Figure
32. 37
Figure
32. 38
Figure
32. 39
Figure
32. 40
Figure
32. 41
Figure
32. 42
Orbital Solitary Fibrous Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
32. 43
Figure
32. 44
Figure
32. 45
Figure
32. 46
Figure
32. 47
Figure
32. 48
Orbital Solitary Fibrous Tumor with Slow-Onset Recurrence
Figure
32. 49
Figure
32. 50
Figure
32. 51
Figure
32. 52
Figure
32. 53
Figure
32. 54
Orbital Fibrosarcoma
Selected References
Figure
32. 55
Figure
32. 56
Figure
32. 57
Figure
32. 58
Figure
32. 59
Figure
32. 60
Chapter 33: Orbital Osseous, Fibro-Osseous, and Cartilaginous Tumors
Orbital Osteoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
33. 1
Figure
33. 2
Figure
33. 3
Figure
33. 4
Figure
33. 5
Figure
33. 6
Orbital Osteoma: Clinicopathologic and Imaging Correlation and Occurrence in Gardner?s Syndrome
Figure
33. 7
Figure
33. 8
Figure
33. 9
Figure
33. 10
Figure
33. 11
Figure
33. 12
Orbit Osteosarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Orbital Osteosarcoma
Figure
33. 13
Figure
33. 14
Figure
33. 15
Figure
33. 16
Figure
33. 17
Figure
33. 18
Orbital Fibrous Dysplasia
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
33. 19
Figure
33. 20
Figure
33. 21
Figure
33. 22
Figure
33. 23
Figure
33. 24
Figure
33. 25
Figure
33. 26
Figure
33. 27
Figure
33. 28
Figure
33. 29
Figure
33. 30
Orbital Ossifying Fibroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
33. 31
Figure
33. 32
Figure
33. 33
Figure
33. 34
Figure
33. 35
Figure
33. 36
Figure
33. 37
Figure
33. 38
Figure
33. 39
Figure
33. 40
Figure
33. 41
Figure
33. 42
Orbital Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
33. 43
Figure
33. 44
Figure
33. 45
Figure
33. 46
Figure
33. 47
Figure
33. 48
Orbital Cartilaginous Chondroma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Chondroma
Figure
33. 49
Figure
33. 50
Figure
33. 51
Figure
33. 52
Figure
33. 53
Figure
33. 54
Orbital Chondrosarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
33. 55
Figure
33. 56
Figure
33. 57
Figure
33. 58
Figure
33. 59
Figure
33. 60
Orbital Chondrosarcoma in a Young Woman
Figure
33. 61
Figure
33. 62
Figure
33. 63
Figure
33. 64
Figure
33. 65
Figure
33. 66
Chapter 34: Orbital Lipomatous and Myxomatous Tumors
Orbital Fat Prolapse
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
34. 1
Figure
34. 2
Figure
34. 3
Figure
34. 4
Figure
34. 5
Figure
34. 6
Figure
34. 7
Figure
34. 8
Figure
34. 9
Figure
34. 10
Figure
34. 11
Figure
34. 12
Orbital Fat Prolapse: Clinical and Computed Tomography Features and Surgical Approach
Figure
34. 13
Figure
34. 14
Figure
34. 15
Figure
34. 16
Figure
34. 17
Figure
34. 18
Orbital/Conjunctival Dermolipoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Management
Selected References
Orbital/Conjunctival Dermolipoma: Clinical Spectrum and Age Range
Figure
34. 19
Figure
34. 20
Figure
34. 21
Figure
34. 22
Figure
34. 23
Figure
34. 24
Orbital/Conjunctival Dermolipoma: Clinical, Computed Tomography, and Histopathologic Features
Figure
34. 25
Figure
34. 26
Figure
34. 27
Figure
34. 28
Figure
34. 29
Figure
34. 30
Orbital/Conjunctival Dermolipoma: Association with Goldenhar Syndrome
Figure
34. 31
Figure
34. 32
Figure
34. 33
Figure
34. 34
Figure
34. 35
Figure
34. 36
Orbital Lipoma and Myxoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Pleomorphic Lipoma: Clinical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Histopathologic Findings
Figure
34. 37
Figure
34. 38
Figure
34. 39
Figure
34. 40
Figure
34. 41
Figure
34. 42
Orbital Lipoma: Clinicopathologic Variations
Figure
34. 43
Figure
34. 44
Figure
34. 45
Figure
34. 46
Figure
34. 47
Figure
34. 48
Orbital Myxoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
34. 49
Figure
34. 50
Figure
34. 51
Figure
34. 52
Figure
34. 53
Figure
34. 54
Orbital Liposarcoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
34. 55
Figure
34. 56
Figure
34. 57
Figure
34. 58
Figure
34. 59
Figure
34. 60
Chapter 35: Orbital Histiocytic Tumors
Orbit Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
Figure
35. 1
Figure
35. 2
Figure
35. 3
Figure
35. 4
Figure
35. 5
Figure
35. 6
Orbital Adult-Onset Xanthogranuloma with Asthma
Figure
35. 7
Figure
35. 8
Figure
35. 9
Figure
35. 10
Figure
35. 11
Figure
35. 12
Orbital Langerhans? Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Langerhans? Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma): Clinical, Computed Tomography, and Pathologic Features
Figure
35. 13
Figure
35. 14
Figure
35. 15
Figure
35. 16
Figure
35. 17
Figure
35. 18
Orbital Langerhans? Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma): Bilateral Sequential Orbital Involvement
Figure
35. 19
Figure
35. 20
Figure
35. 21
Figure
35. 22
Figure
35. 23
Figure
35. 24
Orbital Langerhans? Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma): Management
Figure
35. 25
Figure
35. 26
Figure
35. 27
Figure
35. 28
Figure
35. 29
Figure
35. 30
Orbital Langerhans? Cell Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma): Presentation as a Hemorrhagic, Cystic Lesion
Figure
35. 31
Figure
35. 32
Figure
35. 33
Figure
35. 34
Figure
35. 35
Figure
35. 36
Orbital Erdheim?Chester Disease
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
35. 37
Figure
35. 38
Figure
35. 39
Figure
35. 40
Figure
35. 41
Figure
35. 42
Orbital Rosai?Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
35. 43
Figure
35. 44
Figure
35. 45
Figure
35. 46
Figure
35. 47
Figure
35. 48
Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma and Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma
Orbital Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Diagnostic Approaches
Selected References
Orbital Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma and Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma
Figure
35. 49
Figure
35. 50
Figure
35. 51
Figure
35. 52
Figure
35. 53
Figure
35. 54
Chapter 36: Orbital Primary Melanocytic Tumors
Orbital Melanoma Arising from Ocular Melanocytosis and Blue Nevus
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Melanoma Arising from Blue Nevus
Figure
36. 1
Figure
36. 2
Figure
36. 3
Figure
36. 4
Figure
36. 5
Figure
36. 6
Orbital Melanomas Arising De Novo
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Management and Prognosis
Selected References
Orbital Melanoma: De Novo Primary Tumors
Figure
36. 7
Figure
36. 8
Figure
36. 9
Figure
36. 10
Figure
36. 11
Figure
36. 12
Orbital Melanocytic Hamartoma and Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor
Orbital Melanocytic Hamartoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Orbital Involvement by Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Melanocytic Hamartoma and Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor
Figure
36. 13
Figure
36. 14
Figure
36. 15
Figure
36. 16
Figure
36. 17
Figure
36. 18
Chapter 37: Lacrimal Gland Primary Epithelial Tumors
Introduction: Lacrimal Gland Lesions
General References
Lacrimal Gland Ductal Epithelial Cyst (Dacryops)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
37. 1
Figure
37. 2
Figure
37. 3
Figure
37. 4
Figure
37. 5
Figure
37. 6
Figure
37. 7
Figure
37. 8
Figure
37. 9
Figure
37. 10
Figure
37. 11
Figure
37. 12
Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma (Benign Mixed Tumor)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation
Figure
37. 13
Figure
37. 14
Figure
37. 15
Figure
37. 16
Figure
37. 17
Figure
37. 18
Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma: Surgical Management
Figure
37. 19
Figure
37. 20
Figure
37. 21
Figure
37. 22
Figure
37. 23
Figure
37. 24
Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma in a Teenager
Figure
37. 25
Figure
37. 26
Figure
37. 27
Figure
37. 28
Figure
37. 29
Figure
37. 30
Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Figure
37. 31
Figure
37. 32
Figure
37. 33
Figure
37. 34
Figure
37. 35
Figure
37. 36
Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenocarcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenocarcinoma (Malignant Mixed Tumor)
Figure
37. 37
Figure
37. 38
Figure
37. 39
Figure
37. 40
Figure
37. 41
Figure
37. 42
Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
37. 43
Figure
37. 44
Figure
37. 45
Figure
37. 46
Figure
37. 47
Figure
37. 48
Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Correlation of an Aggressive Case
Figure
37. 49
Figure
37. 50
Figure
37. 51
Figure
37. 52
Figure
37. 53
Figure
37. 54
Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Early Detection by Imaging Studies and Treatment with Brachytherapy
Figure
37. 55
Figure
37. 56
Figure
37. 57
Figure
37. 58
Figure
37. 59
Figure
37. 60
Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Occurrence in a Child
Figure
37. 61
Figure
37. 62
Figure
37. 63
Figure
37. 64
Figure
37. 65
Figure
37. 66
Lacrimal Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Atypical Nasal Orbital Location
Figure
37. 67
Figure
37. 68
Figure
37. 69
Figure
37. 70
Figure
37. 71
Figure
37. 72
Lacrimal Gland Primary Ductal Carcinoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
37. 73
Figure
37. 74
Figure
37. 75
Figure
37. 76
Figure
37. 77
Figure
37. 78
Lacrimal Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Figure
37. 79
Figure
37. 80
Figure
37. 81
Figure
37. 82
Figure
37. 83
Figure
37. 84
Histopathology of Primary Epithelial Malignancies of Lacrimal Gland
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Pleomorphic Adenocarcinoma
Primary Adenocarcinoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Sebaceous Carcinoma
Acinic Cell Adenocarcinoma
Ductal Carcinoma
Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma
Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma
Epithelial?Myoepithelial Carcinoma
Cystadenocarcinoma
Selected References
Lacrimal Gland: Histopathology of Selected Primary Epithelial Malignancies
Figure
37. 85
Figure
37. 86
Figure
37. 87
Figure
37. 88
Figure
37. 89
Figure
37. 90
Chapter 38: Orbital Metastatic Cancer
Orbital Metastatic Cancer
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Metastasis from Breast Cancer
Figure
38. 1
Figure
38. 2
Figure
38. 3
Figure
38. 4
Figure
38. 5
Figure
38. 6
Orbital Metastasis from Breast Cancer: Clinical Variations
Figure
38. 7
Figure
38. 8
Figure
38. 9
Figure
38. 10
Figure
38. 11
Figure
38. 12
Orbital Metastasis from Breast Cancer: Paradoxical Enophthalmos
Figure
38. 13
Figure
38. 14
Figure
38. 15
Figure
38. 16
Figure
38. 17
Figure
38. 18
Orbital Metastasis from Breast Cancer: Biopsy Techniques
Figure
38. 19
Figure
38. 20
Figure
38. 21
Figure
38. 22
Figure
38. 23
Figure
38. 24
Orbital Metastasis from Prostate Carcinoma
Figure
38. 25
Figure
38. 26
Figure
38. 27
Figure
38. 28
Figure
38. 29
Figure
38. 30
Orbital Metastasis from Carcinoid Tumor
Figure
38. 31
Figure
38. 32
Figure
38. 33
Figure
38. 34
Figure
38. 35
Figure
38. 36
Orbital Metastasis from Lung Cancer
Figure
38. 37
Figure
38. 38
Figure
38. 39
Figure
38. 40
Figure
38. 41
Figure
38. 42
Orbital Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma
Figure
38. 43
Figure
38. 44
Figure
38. 45
Figure
38. 46
Figure
38. 47
Figure
38. 48
Orbital Metastasis from Cutaneous Melanoma
Figure
38. 49
Figure
38. 50
Figure
38. 51
Figure
38. 52
Figure
38. 53
Figure
38. 54
Orbital Metastasis from Choroidal Melanoma
Figure
38. 55
Figure
38. 56
Figure
38. 57
Figure
38. 58
Figure
38. 59
Figure
38. 60
Orbital Metastasis from Choroidal Melanoma to the Contralateral Orbit
Figure
38. 61
Figure
38. 62
Figure
38. 63
Figure
38. 64
Figure
38. 65
Figure
38. 66
Orbital Metastasis from Thyroid Cancer and Orbital Metastasis from an Unknown Primary Site
Figure
38. 67
Figure
38. 68
Figure
38. 69
Figure
38. 70
Figure
38. 71
Figure
38. 72
Orbital Metastasis of Adrenal Neuroblastoma
Figure
38. 73
Figure
38. 74
Figure
38. 75
Figure
38. 76
Figure
38. 77
Figure
38. 78
Orbital Metastasis: Wilms? Tumor, Ewing?s Tumor, and Rhabdomyosarcoma
Figure
38. 79
Figure
38. 80
Figure
38. 81
Figure
38. 82
Figure
38. 83
Figure
38. 84
Chapter 39: Orbital Lymphoid Tumors and Leukemias
Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Table
39. 1: World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 classification of B-cell neoplasms
Table
39. 2: American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification of ocular adnexal lymphoma
Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Clinical, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features
Figure
39. 1
Figure
39. 2
Figure
39. 3
Figure
39. 4
Figure
39. 5
Figure
39. 6
Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Clinical Variations and Pathology
Figure
39. 7
Figure
39. 8
Figure
39. 9
Figure
39. 10
Figure
39. 11
Figure
39. 12
Orbital Lacrimal Gland Lymphoma: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlations
Figure
39. 13
Figure
39. 14
Figure
39. 15
Figure
39. 16
Figure
39. 17
Figure
39. 18
Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Management
Figure
39. 19
Figure
39. 20
Figure
39. 21
Figure
39. 22
Figure
39. 23
Figure
39. 24
Orbital Lymphoma: Atypical Forms
Selected References
Orbital Lymphoma: Atypical Forms: Large Cell Lymphoma with Microvillous Projections and Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Figure
39. 25
Figure
39. 26
Figure
39. 27
Figure
39. 28
Figure
39. 29
Figure
39. 30
Orbital Plasmacytoma and Lymphoplasmacytoid Tumors
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
39. 31
Figure
39. 32
Figure
39. 33
Figure
39. 34
Figure
39. 35
Figure
39. 36
Orbital Plasmacytoma: Association with Multiple Myeloma
Figure
39. 37
Figure
39. 38
Figure
39. 39
Figure
39. 40
Figure
39. 41
Figure
39. 42
Orbital Plasmablastic Lymphoma
General Consideration
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
39. 43
Figure
39. 44
Figure
39. 45
Figure
39. 46
Figure
39. 47
Figure
39. 48
Orbital Burkitt Lymphoma
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
39. 49
Figure
39. 50
Figure
39. 51
Figure
39. 52
Figure
39. 53
Figure
39. 54
Orbital Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Figure
39. 55
Figure
39. 56
Figure
39. 57
Figure
39. 58
Figure
39. 59
Figure
39. 60
Figure
39. 61
Figure
39. 62
Figure
39. 63
Figure
39. 64
Figure
39. 65
Figure
39. 66
Orbital?Orbital Involvement by Leukemia (Myeloid Sarcoma)
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Myeloid Sarcoma (Leukemia)
Figure
39. 67
Figure
39. 68
Figure
39. 69
Figure
39. 70
Figure
39. 71
Figure
39. 72
Orbital Myeloid Sarcoma (Leukemia): Bilateral Orbital Involvement
Figure
39. 73
Figure
39. 74
Figure
39. 75
Figure
39. 76
Figure
39. 77
Figure
39. 78
Chapter 40: Orbital Secondary Tumors
Orbital Secondary Tumors
General Considerations
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Approaches
Pathology
Management
Selected References
Orbital Invasion from Eyelid Basal Cell Carcinoma
Figure
40. 1
Figure
40. 2
Figure
40. 3
Figure
40. 4
Figure
40. 5
Figure
40. 6
Orbital Invasion from Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: Simulating a Primary Lacrimal Gland Tumor
Figure
40. 7
Figure
40. 8
Figure
40. 9
Figure
40. 10
Figure
40. 11
Figure
40. 12
Orbital Invasion from Eyelid Melanoma
Figure
40. 13
Figure
40. 14
Figure
40. 15
Figure
40. 16
Figure
40. 17
Figure
40. 18
Orbital Invasion from Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Figure
40. 19
Figure
40. 20
Figure
40. 21
Figure
40. 22
Figure
40. 23
Figure
40. 24
Orbital Invasion from Conjunctival Melanoma
Figure
40. 25
Figure
40. 26
Figure
40. 27
Figure
40. 28
Figure
40. 29
Figure
40. 30
Orbital Invasion from Conjunctival Melanoma in a Young African American
Figure
40. 31
Figure
40. 32
Figure
40. 33
Figure
40. 34
Figure
40. 35
Figure
40. 36
Orbital Invasion from Uveal Melanoma: Massive Orbital Involvement
Figure
40. 37
Figure
40. 38
Figure
40. 39
Figure
40. 40
Figure
40. 41
Figure
40. 42
Orbital Invasion from Massive Choroidal Melanoma
Figure
40. 43
Figure
40. 44
Figure
40. 45
Figure
40. 46
Figure
40. 47
Figure
40. 48
Orbital Invasion from Retinoblastoma
Figure
40. 49
Figure
40. 50
Figure
40. 51
Figure
40. 52
Figure
40. 53
Figure
40. 54
Orbital Invasion from Massive Unrecognized Retinoblastoma
Figure
40. 55
Figure
40. 56
Figure
40. 57
Figure
40. 58
Figure
40. 59
Figure
40. 60
Orbital Invasion from Paranasal Sinus Cancers
Figure
40. 61
Figure
40. 62
Figure
40. 63
Figure
40. 64
Figure
40. 65
Figure
40. 66
Orbital Invasion from Nasopharyngeal Cancers
Figure
40. 67
Figure
40. 68
Figure
40. 69
Figure
40. 70
Figure
40. 71
Figure
40. 72
Chapter 41: Surgical Management of Orbital Tumors
Surgical Management of Orbital Tumors
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Conjunctival Approach
Cutaneous Approach
Orbital Exenteration
Selected References
Orbital Surgery: Instrumentation and Conjunctival Approach
Figure
41. 1
Figure
41. 2
Figure
41. 3
Figure
41. 4
Figure
41. 5
Figure
41. 6
Orbital Surgery: Cutaneous Superonasal Approach
Figure
41. 7
Figure
41. 8
Figure
41. 9
Figure
41. 10
Figure
41. 11
Figure
41. 12
Orbital Surgery: Cutaneous Superotemporal Approach
Figure
41. 13
Figure
41. 14
Figure
41. 15
Figure
41. 16
Figure
41. 17
Figure
41. 18
Orbital Surgery: Cutaneous Superotemporal Approach
Figure
41. 19
Figure
41. 20
Figure
41. 21
Figure
41. 22
Figure
41. 23
Figure
41. 24
Orbital Surgery: Exenteration
Figure
41. 25
Figure
41. 26
Figure
41. 27
Figure
41. 28
Figure
41. 29
Figure
41. 30
Orbital Exenteration Prostheses
Figure
41. 31
Figure
41. 32
Figure
41. 33
Figure
41. 34
Figure
41. 35
Figure
41. 36
Orbital Exenteration: Cosmetic Rehabilitation
Figure
41. 37
Figure
41. 38
Figure
41. 39
Figure
41. 40
Figure
41. 41
Figure
41. 42
Appendix
Remarks
?
Reviews
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