Description:
This book covers the complete gamut of neuroradiology cases, including normal anatomy, pitfalls, and artifacts across the brain and spine in a single volume, enriched with high-resolution images that support the interpretation of CT and MRI images of the brain, spine, head, and neck.
It includes case studies commonly encountered in clinical practice, in addition to normal anatomy, that prepare the reader for the challenges in the clinical setting.
Each case study discusses the clinical history, relevant imaging findings, differential diagnosis, and management, serving as a helpful read for trainee radiologists, neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, and CT/MRI technicians, along with physicians interested in medical imaging.
Key Features Provides a succinct overview of normal variants with case studies structured into thematic chapters Serves as a basic accompaniment for radiology residents, fellows, practicing radiologists, neurophysicians, neurosurgeons, emergency medicine practitioners, trainee and practicing radiographers, and those studying for Board exams Highlights the relevance of artificial intelligence in clinical practice
Table of Contents:
PART I THE BRAIN
1 Normal Brain Development and Congenital Malformations
Case Studies
Chiari Malformations
Lissencephaly
Gray Matter Heterotopias
Schizencephaly (Split Brain)
Holoprosencephaly
Corpus Callosum Agenesis (CCA)
Hemimegalencephaly
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome
Perisylvian Syndrome (Opercular Syndrome, Perisylvian Polymicrogyria, Worster-Drought Syndrome)
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE/Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury)
Porencephalic Cyst
Dandy-Walker Malformation
Joubert’s Syndrome
Suggested Reading
2 Vascular Anatomy
Internal Carotid Artery – Segments and Their Branches
Variants of ICA
Aberrant ICA
Normal Variants
Cerebral Arteries
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
Vertebrobasilar System
Vertebral Artery
Basilar Artery
Venous Anatomy
Dural Sinuses
Superficial Cortical Veins
Deep Cerebral Veins
Stroke
Stroke in Children
Stroke Mimics
Intracranial Aneurysms
Etiology
Intracranial Vascular Malformations
Case Studies
ICA Aneurysm
Ruptured ACom Aneurysm
Basilar Tip Aneurysm
Cavernoma
Developmental Venous Anomaly (DVA)/Venous Angioma
Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs)
Cirsoid Aneurysm of Scalp (Plexiform Angioma)
Anterior Cerebral Artery Infarct
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Infarct
Posterior Cerebral Artery Infarct
Artery of Percheron Infarct
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) Infarct – Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg Syndrome)
Watershed (Border Zone) Infarct
Lacunar Infarct
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Venous Infarct with Dural Sinus Thrombosis
Moyamoya Disease
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
Cortical Laminar Necrosis
Imaging
Fetal Origin of Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
Persistent Trigeminal Artery (PTA)
Suggested Reading
3 Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)
Perinatal Hemorrhage
Preterm Infants
Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage (GMH)
Term Infants
Traumatic Extracranial Hemorrhage
Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
Non-Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
Adults
Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH) vs.
Extradural Hemorrhage (EDH) and Cerebral Herniation
Case Studies
Subdural Hemorrhage (SDH)
Epidural Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
Hemorrhagic Parenchymal Contusions
Hypertensive Hemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)
Management
Non-Accidental Injury (NAI) (Battered Child Syndrome, Shaken Infant Syndrome)
Depressed Skull Fracture
Leptomeningeal Cyst (Growing Skull Fracture)
Suggested Reading
4 Radiology of Brain Tumors
Analytical Approach
Age Distribution
Location
Edema
Midline Crossing Lesions
Multifocal/Multiple Tumors
Signal Characteristics
Tumors with High Density on CT Scan
Fat
Calcification
Low SI on T2WI
High Signal Intensity on T1
Enhancement Pattern
Little/No Enhancement
Ring Enhancement
Recent Additions to the WHO Classification of Tumors
MVNT (Multinodular Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor) of the Cerebrum
Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor
Tumor Mimics
Imaging
Long-Term Complications of Chemo-/Radiotherapy
Classification
Supratentorial Tumors
Secondary Brain Tumors (Metastasis)
Infratentorial Tumors
Case Studies
Glioblastoma Multiforme
Oligodendroglioma
Meningioma
Cerebello-Pontine Angle (CPA) Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma/ Vestibular Schwannoma)
Pituitary Adenoma
Pituitary Apoplexy
Craniopharyngioma
Epidermoid Cyst
Central Neurocytoma
Medulloblastoma
Pineoblastoma
Choroid Plexus Papilloma
Colloid Cyst
Rathke’s Cleft Cyst
Hemangioblastoma
Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL)
Brainstem Glioma
Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors (DNET)
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)
Intracranial Lipoma
Ruptured Intracranial Dermoid Cyst
CNS Metastasis
Suggested Reading
5 Infections and Inflammatory Diseases
Congenital Brain Infections
Acute Pyogenic Meningitis
Subdural Empyema with Cerebral Abscess
Otogenic Brain Abscess
Cerebral Abscess
Neurocysticercosis (NCC)
Tuberculoma
Herpes Encephalitis
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis
Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis
Suggested Reading
6 Disorders Affecting White and Gray Matter: Normal Myelination
Classification
Demyelinating Disorders
Dysmyelination Disorders (Leukodystrophies)
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD)
Krabbe Disease (Globoid Leukodystrophy)
Alexander Disease
Canavan’s Disease
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Homocystinuria
Glutaric Aciduria
Methylmalonic Acidemia (MMA)
Disorders Primarily Affecting Gray Matter (GM)
Tay-Sachs Disease
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS)
MPS 1 (Hurler’s Syndrome)
Glycogen Storage Diseases
Mucolipidoses and Fucosidoses
Disorders Affecting Both Gray and White Matter
Leigh’s Syndrome
Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) Syndrome
Basal Ganglia Disorders
Primary NeuroDegenerative Conditions
Etiology
Case Studies
Multiple Sclerosis
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)
Alzheimer’s Disease
Fahr’s Disease (Familial Brain Calcification)
Hallervordern-Spatz Disease (Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration, PKAN)
Non-Ketotic Hyperglycemia-Hemichorea-Hemiballismus (NKHHH Diabetic Striatrophy)
Suggested Reading
7 CSF Circulation and Disorders
Sources of CSF Production
CSF Drainage
CSF Absorption
Ventricles
Lateral Ventricles
CSF Flow Pathway
Cisterns
CSF Flow Artifacts
Normal Variants
Asymmetric Lateral Ventricles
Case Studies
Hydrocephalus
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)
Benign Enlargement of Subarachnoid Spaces in Infancy (BESSI)
Suggested Reading
8 Phakomatoses (Neurocutaneous Syndromes)
Other Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Case Studies
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1, von Recklinghausen Disease)
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Segmental Neurofibromatosis
Tuberosus Sclerosis (TS, Bourneville Disease)
Sturge-Weber Syndrome (Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis)
Von Hippel-Landau (VHL) Syndrome
Suggested Reading
9 Abnormal Skull
Congenital Lesions
Lacunar Skull (Luckenschadel)
Sinus Pericranii
Intracranial Calcifications
Skull Erosions
Hyperostosis
Skull Base and Its Foramina
Cranial Nerves
Case Studies
Craniosynostosis (Craniostenosis, Sutural Synostosis, or Cranial Dysostosis)
Persistent Metopic Suture (Metopism/Sutura Frontalis Persistans)
Frontoethmoidal (Sincipital) Encephalocele
Bell’s Palsy (Idiopathic Peripheral Facial Paralysis)
Management
Skull Base (Clival) Chordoma
Suggested Reading
PART II: THE SPINE
10 Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies
Craniometry
External Craniocervical Ligaments
Internal Craniocervical Ligaments
Anomalies of Occiput
Anomalies of Atlas
Anomalies of Axis
Congenital Malformations
Acquired Disorders
Trauma
Basilar Invagination
Os Odontoideum
Imaging and DDs
Ancillary
Odontoid Fracture
Suggested Reading
11 Congenital Anomalies
Normal Anatomy
Lipomyelocele
Diastematomyelia
Caudal Regression Syndrome
Suggested Reading
12 Acquired Diseases
Normal Anatomy
Ligaments
Cervical Spine
Thoracolumbar Spine
MRI Features
Spinal Lesions
Disc Herniation with Extrusion
Vertebral Hemangioma
Pott’s Spine (Tuberculous Spondylitis)
Transverse Myelitis
Burst Fractures
Spondylolisthesis
Brachial Plexus Injury with Traumatic Pseudomeningocele
Spinal Schwannoma (Neurinoma/Neurilemmoma)
Dural Ectasia
Spinal Dural AVF (Arteriovenous Fistula)
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
Hangman’s Fracture (Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of Axis)
Vertebral Metastasis with Cord Compression
Tarlov Cyst (Perineural Cyst)
Myxopapillary Ependymoma
Primary Lymphoma of Spine
Suggested Reading
PART III: THE HEAD AND NECK
13 Orbit
Boundaries of the Orbit
Major Apertures
Globe (Ocular Space)
Orbit and Optic Nerve Sheath Complex
Conal-Intraconal Area
Extraconal Area
Orbital Appendages
Case Studies
Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Orbital Pseudotumor
Optic Neuritis
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
Retinoblastoma
Optic Nerve Glioma
Choroidal Melanoma (Uveal Melanoma)
Orbital Blow-Out Fracture
Cavernous Hemangioma
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Suggested Reading
14 Neck
Neck Spaces of Supra- and Infrahyoid Region and Fascial Layers
Visceral Space
Retropharyngeal Space (RPS)
Prevertebral Space (PVS)
Perivertebral Space
Parapharyngeal Space (PPS)
Pharyngeal Mucosal Space (PMS)
Carotid Space (CS)/Post-Styloid PPS, Carotid Sheath
Masticator Space (MS)
Parotid Space
Buccal Space
Sublingual Space (SLS)/Floor of Mouth
Submandibular Space (SMS)
Vascular Structures of the Neck
Branches of the External Carotid Artery
Salivary Glands
Lymph Nodes of the Neck
Larynx
Thyroid
Case Studies
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst (TGDC)
Branchial Cleft Cyst (BCC)
Other Types of Branchial Cleft Cysts
Cystic Hygroma (Nuchal Lymphangioma)
Laryngocele
Calcific Longus Colli Tendonitis (Retropharyngeal/Acute Calcific Prevertebral Tendonitis)
Retropharyngeal Abscess (RPA)
Carotid Body Tumor
Laryngeal Carcinoma
Supraglottic Carcinoma
Glottic Carcinoma
Submandibular Duct Calculi (Sialolithiasis)
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Ranula
Suggested Reading
15 Ear, Nose, and Paranasal Sinus
Ear
Congenital Anomalies
Pulsatile Tinnitus
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses
Maxillary Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Frontal Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Normal Anatomical Variations
Chronic Otitis Media with Mastoiditis
Cholesteatoma
Cholesterol Granuloma
Antrochoanal Polyp
Frontoethmoidal Mucocele
Osteomeatal Unit (OMU) Pattern Obstructive Sinusitis
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis
Frontal (Ivory) Osteoma
Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma
Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB, Olfactory Neuroblastoma)
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Ameloblastoma (Adamantinoma of the Jaw)
Dentigerous Cyst (Follicular Cyst)
Thornwaldt Cyst
Rhinolith (Nasal Calculi)
Suggested Reading
16 Miscellaneous
Epilepsy
Types
Focal (Partial)
Generalized
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS) (Hippocampal Sclerosis)
Empty Sella
AI in Radiology
What AI Can Do
What AI Cannot Do
Suggested Reading
Index
Recenzii
Nicio recenzie găsită.